Artist's reconstruction of the arthrodire placoderm Dunkleosteus terrelli
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
Class:
†Placodermi
Order:
†Arthrodira Woodward, 1891
Subgroups
Phlyctaenioidei
Brachythoraci
Williamsaspididae
Groenlandaspididae
Arctolepididae
Phlyctaeniidae
Actinolepidae
Phyllolepida
Wuttagoonaspidae
Genera incertae sedis
see text for list
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of placoderms.[1]
^Zhu, You-An; Zhu, Min; Wang, Jun-Qing (1 April 2016). "Redescription of Yinostius major (Arthrodira: Heterostiidae) from the Lower Devonian of China, and the interrelationships of Brachythoraci". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 176 (4): 806–834. doi:10.1111/zoj.12356. ISSN 0024-4082.
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before...
Fossils of both are currently known only from the Hunsruck lagerstatten. Arthrodira ("jointed neck") were the most diverse and numerically successful of the...
based on "A new species of Atlantidosteus Lelièvre, 1984 (Placodermi, Arthrodira, Brachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of the Broken River area (Queensland...
arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian. Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii...
Anatol Heintz. Eskimaspis is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below: Dinely, D. L.; Yuhai, Liu (December...
Island in Arctic Canada. It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below: Elliot, D. K. (1984). "Siluro-Devonian...
Proaethaspis in 1978. Proaethaspis is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, closely related to Baringaspis, as shown in the cladogram below: Johnson...
Michael E. Williams (1940-2003). The placement of Bryantolepis within Arthrodira can be shown in the cladogram below: Denison, Robert H. (1962). A reconstruction...
Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 159 (1): 195–222. doi:10...
order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below: Dupret, Vincent (2010). "Revision of the genus Kujdanowiaspis Stensiö, 1942 (Placodermi, Arthrodira, "Actinolepida")...
You-An Zhu; Min Zhu (2013). "A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the...
have shown that the two taxa represent two very distinct clades within Arthrodira. Dunkleosteidae was then established as the sister taxon to the family...
Denison (1978) contested this placement, preferring to leave the taxon as Arthrodira incertae sedis. Denison, Robert (1978). Placodermi Volume 2 of Handbook...
Svalbard in Norway. It is one of the more basal members of the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below: Goujet, Daniel (January 1973). "Sigaspis...
the order Arthrodira, as shown in the cladogram below: Van Valen, Leigh (January 1963). "The Head Shield of Macropetalichthys (Arthrodira)". Journal...
You-An Zhu; Min Zhu (2013). "A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the...
Devonian), and a cladistic analysis of the Eubrachythoraci (Placodermi, Arthrodira)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 159 (1): 195–222. doi:10...
biomechanical model of feeding kinematics for Dunkleosteus terrelli (Arthrodira, Placodermi)". Paleobiology. 35 (2): 251–269. Bibcode:2009Pbio...35..251A...
discarded. Now, the ptyctodonts are regarded as the sister group of the Arthrodira and Phyllolepida. Fin spine of the ptyctodont, Gamphacanthus, showing...
You-An Zhu; Min Zhu (2013). "A redescription of Kiangyousteus yohii (Arthrodira: Eubrachythoraci) from the Middle Devonian of China, with remarks on the...
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