This article is about the DNA sequence. For small orbiting spacecraft, see Microsatellite (spaceflight).
A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically 5–50 times.[1][2] Microsatellites occur at thousands of locations within an organism's genome. They have a higher mutation rate than other areas of DNA[3] leading to high genetic diversity. Microsatellites are often referred to as short tandem repeats (STRs) by forensic geneticists and in genetic genealogy, or as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) by plant geneticists.[4]
Microsatellites and their longer cousins, the minisatellites, together are classified as VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) DNA. The name "satellite" DNA refers to the early observation that centrifugation of genomic DNA in a test tube separates a prominent layer of bulk DNA from accompanying "satellite" layers of repetitive DNA.[5]
They are widely used for DNA profiling in cancer diagnosis, in kinship analysis (especially paternity testing) and in forensic identification. They are also used in genetic linkage analysis to locate a gene or a mutation responsible for a given trait or disease. Microsatellites are also used in population genetics to measure levels of relatedness between subspecies, groups and individuals.
^Cite error: The named reference Richard 2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Tóth G, Gáspári Z, Jurka J (July 2000). "Microsatellites in different eukaryotic genomes: survey and analysis". Genome Research. 10 (7): 967–981. doi:10.1101/gr.10.7.967. PMC 310925. PMID 10899146.
^Cite error: The named reference Brinkmann-1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Short+Tandem+Repeat at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^Kit S (December 1961). "Equilibrium sedimentation in density gradients of DNA preparations from animal tissues". Journal of Molecular Biology. 3 (6): 711–6. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(61)80075-2. PMID 14456492.
A microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA in which certain DNA motifs (ranging in length from one to six or more base pairs) are repeated, typically...
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is the condition of genetic hypermutability (predisposition to mutation) that results from impaired DNA mismatch repair...
developing microsatellite launch vehicles to perform the increasingly targeted launch requirements of microsatellites. While microsatellites have been...
Microsatellite enrichment is a method in molecular biology used for enriching the amount of microsatellite sequences in a DNA sample. This can be achieved...
repair, which causes an elevated rate of single nucleotide changes and microsatellite instability, also known as MSI-H (the H is "high"). MSI is identifiable...
of multiplex PCR. Multiplex PCR has also been used for analysis of microsatellites and SNPs. Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) PCR targets repetitive...
base excision repair. Mutations in the MSH2 gene are associated with microsatellite instability and some cancers, especially with hereditary nonpolyposis...
cryptic satellites. Satellite DNA, together with minisatellite and microsatellite DNA, constitute the tandem repeats. The size of satellite DNA arrays...
board RAPIS-1, either as parts or components. Three projects flew as microsatellites, and three more as CubeSats. Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1...
Hgr9 and Hgr3 provides interesting data (Quintan-Murci et al., 2001). Microsatellite variation of Hgr9 among Iranians, Pakistanis and Indians indicate an...
Rainier Allan (March 24, 2016). "US aircraft with Philippines's first microsatellite launched into space". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original...
for a type of colorectal cancer with mismatch repair deficiency and microsatellite instability. Pembrolizumab is approved for advanced CRC tumours that...
coats. The feline ASIP gene consists of three coding exons. Three novel microsatellite markers linked to ASIP were isolated from a domestic cat BAC clone containing...
the Philippine Scientific Earth Observation Microsatellite (PHL-Microsat) program to send two microsatellites in 2016 and 2017. The effort is part of the...
Valery A.; Nakajima, Hiroo; Kartel, Nikolai; Nomura, Taisei (2005). "Microsatellite mutations show no increases in the children of the Chernobyl liquidators"...
ICEYE Ltd. (natively ICEYE Oy) is a Finnish microsatellite manufacturer. ICEYE was founded in 2014 as a spin-off of Aalto University's University Radio...
fifty times. The sequences of minisatellites are larger than those of microsatellites, in which the repeat sequence is generally 1 to 6 nucleotides. The...
Ruiz-Garcia, M.; Payan, E.; Murillo, A. & Alvarez, D. (2006). "DNA microsatellite characterization of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Colombia". Genes &...
variability of the Lithuanian human population according to Y chromosome microsatellite markers" (PDF). Ekologija. 1: 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on...
origins dated back more than 500 years. In 2004, a study looked at the microsatellites of 414 purebred dogs representing 85 breeds. The study found that dog...
"Reconstruction of human evolutionary tree using polymorphic autosomal microsatellites". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 122 (3): 259–268. doi:10...
Russell, J.; Alexander, I. J.; Anderson, I. C. (14 October 2004). "Pine microsatellite markers allow roots and ectomycorrhizas to be linked to individual trees"...
is influenced by the number of repetitions of a particular string of microsatellite DNA. Male prairie voles with the longest DNA strings spend more time...
tristis, scientists have recently developed 16 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers using the next generation sequencing (NGS) approach. The common...
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