Some of the steps in engineering a metabolic process
Metabolic engineering is the practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the cell's production of a certain substance. These processes are chemical networks that use a series of biochemical reactions and enzymes that allow cells to convert raw materials into molecules necessary for the cell's survival. Metabolic engineering specifically seeks to mathematically model these networks, calculate a yield of useful products, and pin point parts of the network that constrain the production of these products.[1] Genetic engineering techniques can then be used to modify the network in order to relieve these constraints. Once again this modified network can be modeled to calculate the new product yield.
The ultimate goal of metabolic engineering is to be able to use these organisms to produce valuable substances on an industrial scale in a cost-effective manner. Current examples include producing beer, wine, cheese, pharmaceuticals, and other biotechnology products.[2] Another possible area of use is the development of oil crops whose composition has been modified to improve their nutritional value.[3] Some of the common strategies used for metabolic engineering are (1) overexpressing the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway, (2) blocking the competing metabolic pathways, (3) heterologous gene expression, and (4) enzyme engineering.[4]
Since cells use these metabolic networks for their survival, changes can have drastic effects on the cells' viability. Therefore, trade-offs in metabolic engineering arise between the cells ability to produce the desired substance and its natural survival needs. Therefore, instead of directly deleting and/or overexpressing the genes that encode for metabolic enzymes, the current focus is to target the regulatory networks in a cell to efficiently engineer the metabolism.[5]
^Yang, Y.T., Bennet, G. N., San, K.Y., (1998) Genetic and Metabolic Engineering, Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, ISSN 0717-3458
^N. Milne, P. Thomsen, N. Mølgaard Knudsen, P. Rubaszka, M. Kristensen, L. Borodina (2020-07-01). "Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives". Metabolic Engineering. 60: 25–36. doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2019.12.007. ISSN 1096-7176. PMC 7232020. PMID 32224264.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Metabolicengineering is the practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the cell's production of a certain substance...
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an...
the identification of bottleneck enzymes in metabolic networks for metabolicengineering efforts. Metabolic flux analysis may use 13C-labeled isotope tracers...
"Metabolicengineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives". MetabolicEngineering...
Jay Bailey, was an American pioneer of biochemical engineering, particularly metabolicengineering. He was said to be "the most influential biochemical...
chemical synthesis, discourage its commercial development. The metabolicengineering of bacteria (Escherichia coli) enables efficient astaxanthin production...
In biochemistry, mixed acid fermentation is the metabolic process by which a six-carbon sugar (e.g. glucose, C6H12O6) is converted into a complex and...
Cofactor engineering, a subset of metabolicengineering, is defined as the manipulation of the use of cofactors in an organism’s metabolic pathways. In...
ISBN 978-1-904455-17-2. Meyer A, Panke S (2008). "Genomics in MetabolicEngineering and Biocatalytic Applications of the Pollutant Degradation Machinery"...
Wubbolts, M.; Raeven, L. (2003). "Metabolicengineering for microbial production of shikimic acid". MetabolicEngineering. 5 (4): 277–283. doi:10.1016/j...
researcher in the field of metabolicengineering, and he is the founding president of the International MetabolicEngineering Society. He has additionally...
systems biology such as model building, optimal experimental design, metabolicengineering, and synthetic biology. Linear programming has been applied to calculate...
Conjugates: engineering antibody and cytotoxic drug linkages for disease treatment Cameron, Douglas C.; Tong, I-Teh (1993-01-01). "Cellular and metabolic engineering"...
precursors of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel by applying the metabolicengineering in a co-culture approach to exploit the benefits from the two microbes...
ISBN 9780849317149. Trantas E, Panopoulos N, Ververidis F (November 2009). "Metabolicengineering of the complete pathway leading to heterologous biosynthesis of...
especially in the field of metabolicengineering. Keasling was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2010 for developing synthetic...
"Metabolicengineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives". MetabolicEngineering...
Nichols, Peter D.; Liu, Qing; Singh, Surinder P. (1 May 2010). "Metabolicengineering of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants using...
Blancquaert D, De Steur H, Gellynck X, Van Der Straeten D (2017). "Metabolicengineering of micronutrients in crop plants" (PDF). Annals of the New York...
James C. (July 2011). "Metabolicengineering of cyanobacteria for 1-butanol production from carbon dioxide". MetabolicEngineering. 13 (4): 353–363. doi:10...
processes, including enzyme and microbial technology, protein engineering, metabolicengineering, biotransformations, and bioseparations. The journal publishes...
incorporated into genome-scale metabolic models so that these models can more effectively guide metabolicengineering design. In addition, genes encoding...
Global Information