Melungeon information

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Melungeons
Regions with significant populations
Goins family, Melungeons from Graysville, Tennessee, c. 1920s
United States (East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia,^[1]^[2] and Kentucky^[2])
Languages
Appalachian English
Religion
Protestant Christianity (Baptist; Pentecostal)^{[citation needed]}

History

Periods
Timeline Atlantic slave trade Abolitionism in the United States Slavery in the colonial history of the US Revolutionary War Antebellum period Slavery and military history during the Civil War Reconstruction era Politicians Juneteenth Civil rights movement (1865–1896) Jim Crow era (1896–1954) Civil rights movement (1954–1968) Black power movement Post–civil rights era
Aspects
Agriculture history Black Belt in the American South Business history Military history Treatment of the enslaved
Migrations
Great Migration Second Great Migration New Great Migration

Culture

Lifeways
Dance Family structure Film Folktales Music Musical theater Names Neighborhoods Newspapers Soul food
Schools
Education during the slave period in the US Education of freed people during the Civil War History of African-American education, after the Civil War Historically black colleges and universities Fraternities
Academic study
Studies Art Literature
Celebrations
Martin Luther King Jr. Day Black History Month Juneteenth Kwanzaa
Economic class
African-American businesses Middle class Upper class Billionaires
Symbols and ideas
African-American beauty Black is beautiful Black pride African-American hair Good hair Stepping "Lift Every Voice and Sing" Self-determination

Religion

Institutions
Black church
Theologies
Black theology Womanist theology
Non-Christian groups
Hoodoo Black Hebrew Israelites African-American Jews African-American Muslims Nation of Islam Louisiana Voodoo African Diaspora Religions

Politics

Organizations
Congressional Black Caucus Joint Center National Black Caucus of State Legislators National Conference of Black Mayors
Ideologies
Afrocentrism Anarchism Back-to-Africa movement Black power Capitalism Conservatism Garveyism Leftism Liberalism Nationalism Pan-Africanism Patriotism Populism Socialism

Civic/economic groups

Organizations
Association for the Study of African American Life and History Black conductors NAACP National Black Chamber of Commerce National Council of Negro Women National Pan-Hellenic Council National Urban League TransAfrica UNCF

Sub-communities

Multiethnic
African-American Jews Afro-Puerto Ricans Alabama Creole people Black Indians Black Seminoles Mascogos Blaxicans Brass Ankles Creoles of color Dominickers Freedmen Great Dismal Swamp maroons Melungeon Carmel Indians Redbone
Specific ancestries
Americo-Liberians Creek Freedmen Gullah Merikins Nova Scotians Samaná Americans Sierra Leone Creole
Sexual orientation
LGBT community

Dialects and languages

English dialects
African-American English African-American Vernacular English Liberian English Samaná English Tutnese
Languages and other dialects
Gullah Afro-Seminole Creole Negro Dutch Black American Sign Language

Population

US states
Alabama Arkansas California Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Louisiana Maryland Mississippi Nebraska New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Oregon South Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia
US cities
Black mecca List of neighborhoods Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas-Fort Worth Davenport Detroit Houston Jacksonville Kentucky Lexington Los Angeles New York City Omaha Philadelphia San Antonio San Francisco
Historic places
District of Columbia Florida Georgia Mississippi Missouri Omaha, Nebraska North Carolina South Carolina Texas West Virginia
Population count
US states and territories US metropolitan areas US cities US communities Places by plurality of population
Diaspora
Africa Canada France Ghana Israel Liberia Nova Scotia Sierra Leone

Prejudice

Racism
Black genocide Race and ethnicity in the US census Racism against Black Americans Reparations for slavery School segregation in the US
Stereotypes and media depictions
Blackface Criminal stereotypes Hollywood Magical Negro Minstrel show

Melungeons (/məˈlʌndʒənz/ mə-LUN-jənz) (sometimes also spelled Malungeans, Melangeans, Melungeans, Melungins^[3]) are a group of people from Appalachia who predominantly descend from northern or central Europeans and sub-Saharan Africans. Their ancestors were likely brought to Virginia as indentured servants in the mid-17th century.^[1]

According to the 1894 Department of Interior Report of Indians Taxed and not Taxed within the "Tennessee" report, "The civilized (self supporting) Indians of Tennessee, counted in the general census numbered 146 (71 males and 75 females) and are distributed as follows: Hawkins county, 31; Monroe county, 12; Polk county, 10; other counties (8 or less in each), 93. The Melangeans or Melungeons in Hawkins County claim to be Cherokees of mixed blood (white, Indian, and black), their blood being derived, as they assert, from English and Portuguese stock. They trace their descent from primarily to 2 Indians (Cherokees) known, one of them as Collins and the other as Gibson, who settled in the mountains of Tennessee where their descendants are now found about the time of the admission of the state into the union (1796). In the general census, these Melungeons were enumerated as of the races which they most resembled."^[4]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference loller2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference neal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "1894 Report of the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed" (PDF). www2.census.gov. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
^ "1894 Report of the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed" (PDF). www2.census.gov. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 4 Sep 2023.

Melungeon information

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