2011 hijacking of two Chinese cargo ships and subsequent massacre of all 13 crew members
Mekong River massacre
Mekong River in the Golden Triangle region around where the incident took place
Approximate location
Location
Chiang Saen District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand
Date
5 October 2011; 12 years ago (2011-10-05)
Attack type
Hijacking of ships, massacre
Deaths
13 Chinese crew members
The Mekong River massacre occurred on the morning of 5 October 2011, when two Chinese cargo ships were attacked on a stretch of the Mekong River in the Golden Triangle region on the borders of Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand.[1] All 13 crew members on both ships were killed and dumped in the river.[2] It was the deadliest attack on Chinese nationals abroad in modern times.[3] In response, China temporarily suspended shipping on the Mekong, and reached an agreement with Myanmar, Thailand and Laos to jointly patrol the river.[3] The event was also the impetus for the Naypyidaw Declaration and other anti-drug cooperation efforts in the region.[4] On 28 October 2011, Thai authorities arrested nine Pha Muang Task Force soldiers, who subsequently "disappeared from the justice system".[5] Drug lord Naw Kham and three subordinates were eventually tried and executed by the Chinese government for their roles in the massacre.[6]
Excessive media coverage and live broadcast of the execution were seen in Myanmar as a Chinese attempt to frame the ethnic Shans and the Burmese for the drug problems; China had previously allowed drug traffickers like Pheung Kya-shin to roam free in China.[7] After the defeat of the Kuomintang by the Communists in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 many Kuomintang soldiers in Yunnan fled with their families to Burma and Thailand. These soldiers were commanded by General Li Mi and were known as the "Lost Army."[8][9] After attempting several failed invasions of Yunnan, in 1953 the Burmese government made an appeal to the United Nations and many Kuomintang soldiers and their families were expelled and flown to Taiwan.[9][10] Many returned to Taiwan but since some Kuomintang veterans and their families stayed in Thailand and Burma, ethnic Chinese drug lords have set up a drug empire in the Golden Triangle, taking advantage of their global networks, which the natives lacked. Profits from the drug trade have allowed the Chinese to expand and replace the native populations. As a result, parts of northern Myanmar and the city of Mandalay have become effectively sinicized.[11]
^Armstrong, Paul (2013-03-01). "China executes drug gang over Mekong river massacre". CNN. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
^"中国13名船员在泰国境内惨遭劫杀". China.com (in Chinese). 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
^ ab"Laos extradites suspect to China in Mekong massacre case". Chicago Tribune. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
^Saw Yan Naing (10 May 2013). "Drug Trade a 'Significant Threat' to Region: Mekong Nations". The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
^"Whitewash at Chiang Saen". Bangkok Post. 2 October 2016. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^Cite error: The named reference China executes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^တရုတ်မှောင်ခိုသမားတွေ အရမ်းကြောက်ခဲ့ရတဲ့ ရွှေတြိဂံနယ်မြေက နာမည်ကျော် စိုင်းနော်ခမ်း, archived from the original on 2021-09-21, retrieved 2021-09-21
^Qin, Amy (2015-01-14). "In Remote Thai Villages, Legacy of China's Lost Army Endures". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
^ abKaufman, Victor S. (2001). "Trouble in the Golden Triangle: The United States, Taiwan and the 93rd Nationalist Division". The China Quarterly (166): 440–456. ISSN 0305-7410. JSTOR 3451165. Archived from the original on 2018-11-30. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
^Wang, Ann (2017-03-27). "In Taiwan, the legacy of the KMT's Burma retreat". Frontier Myanmar. Archived from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
^Chang, Wen-Chin (2014). Beyond borders : stories of Yunnanese Chinese migrants of Burma. Ithaca. ISBN 978-0-8014-5451-6. OCLC 904979076.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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