Leaf (f. 27r.) of Codex Runicus, a vellum manuscript from c. 1300 containing one of the oldest and best preserved texts of the Scanian Law, written entirely in runes
Script type
alphabet
Time period
12th to 17th centuries
Direction
Left-to-right
Languages
North Germanic languages
Related scripts
Parent systems
Phoenician alphabet
Greek alphabet (Cumae variant)
Old Italic alphabets
Elder Futhark
Younger Futhark
Medieval runes
Child systems
Dalecarlian runes
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
The medieval runes, or the futhork, was a Scandinavian runic alphabet that evolved from the Younger Futhark after the introduction of stung (or dotted) runes at the end of the Viking Age. These stung runes were regular runes with the addition of either a dot diacritic or bar diacritic to indicate that the rune stood for one of its secondary sounds (so an i rune could become an e rune or a j rune when stung). The medieval futhork was fully formed in the early 13th century. Due to the expansion of its character inventory, it was essentially possible to have each character in an inscription correspond to only one phoneme, something which was virtually impossible in Younger Futhark with its small inventory of 16 runes.[1]
Medieval runes were in use throughout Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, and provided the basis for runology beginning in the 16th century.
The medievalrunes, or the futhork, was a Scandinavian runic alphabet that evolved from the Younger Futhark after the introduction of stung (or dotted)...
or Hälsinge, runes (staveless runes). The Younger Futhark developed further into the medievalrunes (1100–1500), and the Dalecarlian runes (c. 1500–1800)...
but the runic scripts survived in marginal use in the form of the medievalrunes (in use ca. 1100–1500) and the Latinised Dalecarlian runes (ca. 1500–1910)...
continued anywhere else in Sweden. The Dalecarlian runes were derived from the medievalrunes, but the runic letters were combined with Latin ones, and Latin...
Cipher runes, or cryptic runes, are the cryptographical replacement of the letters of the runic alphabet. The knowledge of cipher runes was best preserved...
carver. There are two types of bind runes. Normal bind runes are formed of two (or rarely three) adjacent runes which are joined together to form a single...
article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. Algiz (also Elhaz)...
ISBN 978-0-9793935-1-8 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Magic runes. Mystic Uses of the Runes bibliography Magic Runes On line readings Runic Magic...
the cycle was represented by a rune; the first 16 were the 16 runes of the Younger Futhark, plus three special runes improvised for the remaining three...
The Codex Runicus is a codex of 202 pages written in medievalrunes around the year 1300 which includes the oldest preserved Nordic provincial law, Scanian...
article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. Wikisource has...
when they were created. Rune stones created near the end of the Viking Age tend to have a greater influence from Old English runes. An understanding of the...
article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. Othala (ᛟ), also...
contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. Staveless runes were the...
including the inscriptions in medievalrunes in Sweden, and the early modern and modern inscriptions in Dalecarlian runes. "runic alphabet | writing system"...
article contains runic characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of runes. Gyfu is the name...
runic Old Norse was originally written with the Younger Futhark, which had only 16 letters. Because of the limited number of runes, several runes were...
six runes following the translated text are undeciphered, though they do have very close single-character components. The first two and final runes appear...
finding information used in the medieval computus, including golden numbers and epacts. The calendar is written in medievalrunes with a gloss in Latin and...
20th century. The use of medievalrunes mostly disappears in the course of the 14th century. An exception are the Dalecarlian runes, which survived, heavily...
prehistoric and medievalrunic carvings in raised stones or on blocks, on rock slabs, early medieval tombstones and "Eskilstuna coffins" with runes, runic carvings...
initial phoneme of the first six rune names: F, U, Þ, A, R and K) has 24 runes, often arranged in three groups of eight runes; each group is called an ætt...
tvífalt við {} trollum, {} þrífalt {} við {} þurs[um], I cut runes of help; I cut runes of protection; once against the elves, twice against the trolls...
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