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Mars 3 information


Mars 3
Mission typeMars orbiter and lander
OperatorSoviet space program
COSPAR IDOrbiter: 1971-049A
Lander: 1971-049C
SATCAT no.Orbiter: 5252
Lander: 5667
Mission duration1 year, 2 months and 25 days
Orbiter
1 minute and 50 seconds
Lander
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type4M No.172
ManufacturerOKB-1
Launch massCombined: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb)
Orbiter: 3,440 kg (7,580 lb)
Lander: 1,210 kg (2,670 lb)[1]
Start of mission
Launch date28 May 1971, 15:26:30 (1971-05-28UTC15:26:30Z) UTC
RocketProton K/D
Launch siteBaikonur 81/23
End of mission
DisposalDecommissioned
DeactivatedAugust 22, 1972 (1972-08-22) (orbiter)
Last contactLast data transmission July 1972[2]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemAreocentric[3]
Periareion altitude1,528 km (949 mi)
Apoareion altitude214,500 km (133,300 mi)
Inclination60°
Period12.67 days
Mars orbiter
Orbital insertionDecember 2, 1971
Mars lander
Spacecraft componentMars 3 Lander
Landing dateDecember 2, 1971 13:52 UTC
Landing site45°S 202°E / 45°S 202°E / -45; 202 (Mars 3) (predicted)[4]

Mars 3 (lander) stamp
Mars program
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Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2. The probes were identical robotic spacecraft launched by Proton-K rockets with a Blok D upper stage, each consisting of an orbiter and an attached lander. After the Mars 2 lander crashed on the Martian surface, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to attain a soft landing on Mars, on December 2, 1971. It failed 110 seconds after landing, having transmitted only a gray image with no details.[5] The Mars 2 orbiter and Mars 3 orbiter continued to circle Mars and transmit images back to Earth for another eight months.

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