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Mars 2
Mars 3 Orbiter (nearly identical to Mars 2) with lander visible at top
Names
M-71 No. 171
Mission type
Orbiter and lander
Operator
Soviet Union
COSPAR ID
Orbiter: 1971-045A Lander: 1971-045D
SATCAT no.
Orbiter: 5234 Lander: 5739
Mission duration
461 days
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
OKB-1
Launch mass
Combined: 4,650 kg (10,250 lb) Orbiter: 3,440 kg (7,580 lb) Lander: 1,210 kg (2,670 lb)[1]
Start of mission
Launch date
16:22:44, May 19, 1971 (UTC) (1971-05-19T16:22:44Z)
The Mars 2 was an uncrewed space probe of the Mars program, a series of uncrewed Mars landers and orbiters launched by the Soviet Union beginning 19 May 1971. The Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions consisted of identical spacecraft, each with an orbiter and an attached lander. The orbiter is identical to the Venera 9 bus. The type of bus/orbiter is the 4MV. They were launched by a Proton-K heavy launch vehicle with a Blok D upper stage. The lander of Mars 2 became the first human-made object to reach the surface of Mars, although the landing system failed and the lander was lost.
^"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".
^See Mars 3 article in https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/1060/beyond-earth-a-chronicle-of-deep-space-exploration/
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