Not to be confused with Battle of Marais des Cygnes.
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Marais des Cygnes
The Marais des Cygnes massacre (/ˌmɛərdəˈziːn,-ˈsiːn,ˈmɛərdəziːn/,[1][2]also /məˌriːdəˈsiːn,məˌreɪdəˈseɪn/)[citation needed] is considered the last significant act of violence in Bleeding Kansas prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War. On May 19, 1858, approximately 30 border ruffians led by Charles Hamilton, a Georgia native and proslavery leader, crossed into the Kansas Territory from Missouri. They arrived at Trading Post, Kansas, in the morning and then headed back to Missouri. Along the way, they captured 11 abolitionist Free-Staters, none of whom were armed and, it is said, none of whom had participated in the ongoing violence. Most of the men knew Hamilton and apparently did not realize he meant them harm. These prisoners were led into a defile, where Hamilton ordered his men to shoot, firing the first and last bullet himself. Five men were killed and five severely wounded. Only one Free-Stater escaped injury.[3]
The abolitionist John Brown later built a fort near the site. The site of the massacre is preserved by the Kansas Historical Society as the Marais des Cygnes Massacre State Historic Site, originally called the Marais des Cygnes Massacre Memorial Park.[4] The first commemoration at the site was two stone markers erected by men of the 3rd Iowa Cavalry Regiment in 1864, although these monuments had been destroyed by souvenir hunters by 1895. In 1941, the land where the massacre occurred, as well as an 1870s-era house constructed by a friend of Brown, were transferred to the state of Kansas. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974.
^"Marais des Cygnes". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
^"Marais des Cygnes". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
^"Marais des Cygnes Massacre site - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society". www.kshs.org. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
^Pankratz 1970, p. 1.
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