Slave rebellion in the Territory of Orleans (present-day Louisiana), United States
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1811 German Coast uprising
Part of the Slave Revolts in North America
Date
January 8–10, 1811
Location
Territory of Orleans
Result
Suppression of uprising
Belligerents
Enslaved Africans
Local planters Militia and regulars
Commanders and leaders
Charles Deslondes
Wade Hampton I John Shaw William C. C. Claiborne
Strength
200–500 enslaved Africans and African Americans
2 companies of volunteer militia, 30 regular troops and 40 seamen
Casualties and losses
95 total killed from skirmishes and sentencing after trials
2 killed
Part of a series on
North American slave revolts
Attack and capture of the Crête-à-Pierrot (Combat et prise de la Crête-à-Pierrot, March 1802) in the Haitian Revolution by Auguste Raffet, engraving by Ernest Hébert
Context
Atlantic slave trade
Maroons
Slavery among indigenous peoples
Slavery in Canada
Cuba
Haiti
Latin America
Bahamas
New France
New Spain
British and French Caribbean
British Virgin Islands
United States
colonial US
Before 1700
1521 Santo Domingo Slave Revolt
(Santo Domingo)
1526 San Miguel de Gualdape
(Spanish Florida, victorious)
1548–1558, 1579–1582 Bayano Wars
(Real Audiencia of Panama, New Spain, suppressed)
c. 1570 Gaspar Yanga's Revolt
(Veracruz, New Spain, victorious)
1601 Acaxee Rebellion
(New Spain, suppressed)
1616 Tepehuán Revolt
(New Spain, suppressed)
1680 Pueblo Revolt
(Santa Fe de Nuevo México, New Spain, victorious)
18th century
1712 New York Slave Revolt
(British Province of New York, suppressed)
1730 First Maroon War
(British Jamaica, victorious)
1730 Chesapeake rebellion
(British Chesapeake Colonies, suppressed)
1731 Samba rebellion
(Louisiana, New France, suppressed)
1733 St. John Slave Revolt
(Danish Saint John, suppressed)
1739 Stono Rebellion
(British Province of South Carolina, suppressed)
1741 New York Conspiracy
(British Province of New York, suppressed)
1760–61 Tacky's Revolt
(British Jamaica, suppressed)
1768 Montserrat slave rebellion
(British Montserrat, suppressed)
1787 Abaco Slave Revolt
(British Bahamas, suppressed)
1791 Mina Conspiracy
(Louisiana, New Spain, suppressed)
1795 Pointe Coupée Conspiracy
(Louisiana, New Spain, suppressed)
1795 Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795
(Dutch Curaçao, suppressed)
1791–1804 Haitian Revolution
(French Saint-Domingue, victorious)
19th century
1800 Gabriel's Rebellion
(Virginia, suppressed)
1803 Igbo Landing
(St. Simons Island, Georgia, victorious)
1805 Chatham Manor
(Virginia, suppressed)
1811 German Coast Uprising
(Territory of Orleans, suppressed)
1811 Aponte conspiracy
(Spanish Cuba, suppressed)
1815 George Boxley
(Virginia, suppressed)
1816 Bussa's Rebellion
(British Barbados, suppressed)
1822 Vesey Plot
(South Carolina, suppressed)
1825 Great African Slave Revolt
(Cuba, suppressed)
1831 Nat Turner's rebellion
(Virginia, suppressed)
1831–32 Baptist War
(British Jamaica, suppressed)
1839 Amistad, ship rebellion
(off the Cuban coast, victorious)
1841 Creole case, ship rebellion
(off the Southern U.S. coast, victorious)
1842 slave revolt in the Cherokee Nation
(Indian Territory, suppressed)
1843–44 Ladder Conspiracy
(Spanish Cuba, suppressed)
1859 John Brown's raid
(Virginia, suppressed)
Notable leaders
Carolta
Charles Deslondes
Denmark Vesey
François Mackandal
Gabriel Prosser
Gaspar Yanga
Jean Saint Malo
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
John Brown
Joseph Cinqué
Madison Washington
Marcos Xiorro
Maria
Nanny of the Maroons
Nat Turner
Toussaint Louverture
Tula
v
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The 1811 German Coast uprising was a revolt of slaves in parts of the Territory of Orleans on January 8–10, 1811. The uprising occurred on the east bank of the Mississippi River in what is now St. John the Baptist, St. Charles and Jefferson Parishes, Louisiana.[1] The slave insurgency was the largest in U.S. history, but the rebels killed only two White men. Confrontations with militia, combined with post-trial executions, resulted in the deaths of 95 slaves.
Between 64 and 125 enslaved men marched from sugarcane plantations in and near present-day LaPlace on the German Coast toward the city of New Orleans.[2] They collected more men along the way. Some accounts claimed a total of 200 to 500 enslaved persons participated.[3] During their two-day, 20 mi (32 km)-long march, the men burned five plantation houses (three completely), several sugarhouses, and crops. They were armed mostly with hand tools.[4]
Men led by officials of the territory formed militia companies, and in a battle on January 10 killed 40 to 45 of the people escaping slavery while suffering no fatalities themselves, then hunted down and killed several other people without trial. Over the next two weeks, White planters and officials interrogated, tried, executed, and decapitated an additional 44 people escaping slavery who had been captured. Executions were generally by hanging or firing squad. Heads were displayed on pikes to intimidate others.
Since 1995, the African American History Alliance of Louisiana has led an annual commemoration in January of the uprising, in which they have been joined by some descendants of participants in the revolt.[5]
^Rothman (2005), p. 106.
^Sternberg, Mary Ann (2001). Along the River Road: Past and Present on Louisiana's Historic Byways. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 12.
^"'American Rising': When Slaves Attacked New Orleans". NPR. January 16, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
^Genovese, Eugene D. (1976). Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Vintage Books. p. 592.
^Lowen, James W. (2007). Lies Across America: What Our History Sites Get Wrong. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 192.
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