The Manusmriti (Sanskrit: मनुस्मृति; IAST: Manusmṛiti), also known as the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra or Laws of Manu, is one of the many legal texts and constitutions among the many Dharmaśāstras of Hinduism.[1][2]
Over fifty manuscripts of the Manusmriti are now known, but the earliest discovered, most translated and presumed authentic version since the 18th century has been the "Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) manuscript with Kulluka Bhatta commentary".[3] Modern scholarship states this presumed authenticity is false, and the various manuscripts of Manusmriti discovered in India are inconsistent with each other.[3][4]
The metrical text is in Sanskrit, is dated to the 1st to 3rd century CE, and presents itself as a discourse given by Manu (Svayambhuva) and Bhrigu on dharma topics such as duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and others. The text's influence had historically spread outside India. The text influenced Hindu kingdoms in Cambodia and Indonesia.[5][6][7]
Manusmriti was one of the first Sanskrit texts to be translated into English, in 1776, by British philologist Sir William Jones,[8] and was used to construct the Hindu law code, for the East India Company-administered enclaves.[9][10]
^Manusmriti, The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History (2009), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195134056, See entry for Manusmriti
^Cite error: The named reference olivelle18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference olivellecriticaledition was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference srikantan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Robert Lingat (1973), The Classical Law of India, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0520018983, p. 77
^Patrick Olivelle (2005), Manu's Code of Law, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0195171464, pp. 3–4
^Steven Collins (1993), The discourse of what is primary, Journal of Indian philosophy, Volume 21, pp. 301–393
^"Flood (1996)". p. 56.
^P Bilimoria (2011), "The Idea of Hindu Law", Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia, Volume 43, pp. 103–130
^Donald Davis (2010), The Spirit of Hindu Law, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0521877046, pp. 13–16, 166–179
The Manusmriti (Sanskrit: मनुस्मृति; IAST: Manusmṛiti), also known as the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra or Laws of Manu, is one of the many legal texts and constitutions...
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people mentioned in ancient Indian literature, such as the Mahabharata, Manusmriti, and the Puranic literature. The origin of the Sanskrit name Cīna is commonly...
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society and at the individual level. Of these, the most cited one is Manusmriti, which describes the four Varnas, their rights and duties. Most texts...
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earth, and required three of Vishnu's avataras to be vanquished. The Manusmṛiti classifies the daityas as good, while placing them at a lower level than...
homosexuality, without openly condemning it in religious or moral terms. The Manusmriti regards homosexual (as well as heterosexual) acts in an ox cart as a source...
was sub judice. On 25 December (Manusmriti Dahan Din), Shastrabuddhe under the guidance of Ambedkar, burnt Manusmriti, a Hindu law book, as a protest...
of total 20 by adding two more Smritis, namely, Yājñavalkyasmriti and Manusmriti. Parāśara whose name appears in this list, enumerates also twenty authors...
postmodern scholarship about the presumed reliability of Manusmriti manuscripts. He writes, "Manusmriti was the first Indian legal text introduced to the western...
referred to as the "Golden Age". Krita Yuga is described in the Mahabharata, Manusmriti, Surya Siddhanta, Vishnu Smriti, and various Puranas. Hindu texts describe...
bowman, and took up their positions at the northern point of the army. The Manusmriti states that the Pahlavas and several other tribes like the Sakas, Yavanas...
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