Spanish: Galeón de Manila, Filipino: Galyon ng Maynila
English name
Manila galleon
Duration
From 1565 to 1815 (250 years)
Venue
Between Manila and Acapulco
Location
New Spain (Spanish Empire) (current Mexico)
Also known as
Nao de China or Galeón de Acapulco
Motive
Trading maritime route from East Indies to the Americas
Organised by
Spanish Crown
The Manila galleon (Spanish: Galeón de Manila; Filipino: Galyon ng Maynila), originally known as La Nao de China,[1] and Galeón de Acapulco,[2] refers to the Spanish trading ships that linked the Spanish Crown's Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, with its Asian territories, collectively known as the Spanish East Indies, across the Pacific Ocean. The ships made one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports of Acapulco and Manila from the late 16th to early 19th century. The name of the galleon changed to reflect from which city the ship sailed,[3] setting sail from Cavite, in Manila Bay, at the end of June or first week of July, starting the return journey (tornaviaje) from Acapulco in March–April of the next calendar year, and returning to Manila in June–July.[2]
The term "Manila galleon" can also refer to the trade route itself between Acapulco and Manila that was operational from 1565 to 1815.[2]
The galleons sailed the Pacific, bringing to the Americas cargoes of Chinese and other Asian luxury goods such as spices and porcelain in exchange for New World silver. In addition, Filipino slaves known as "chinos esclavos" ("Chinese slaves") came across the Pacific to Mexico in what is known as the trans-Pacific slave trade.[4][5] The route also fostered cultural exchanges that shaped the identities and the culture of the countries involved.[2]
The Manila galleons were known in New Spain as La Nao de China ("The China Ship") on their voyages from the Spanish East Indies because they carried mostly Chinese goods shipped from Manila.[6][7] The Manila Galleon route was an early instance of globalization, representing a trade route from Asia that crossed to the Americas, thereby connecting all the world's continents in global silver trade.[8]
The Spanish inaugurated the Manila galleon trade route in 1565 after the Augustinian friar and navigator Andrés de Urdaneta pioneered the tornaviaje or return route from the Philippines to Mexico. Urdaneta and Alonso de Arellano made the first successful round trips that year, by taking advantage of the Kuroshio Current. The trade using "Urdaneta's route" lasted until 1815, when the Mexican War of Independence broke out.
In 2015, the Philippines and Mexico began preparations for the nomination of the Manila–Acapulco Galleon Trade Route in the UNESCO World Heritage List with backing from Spain, which has also suggested the tri-national nomination of the archives on the Manila–Acapulco Galleons in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register.
^Bernabéu Albert, Salvador, ed. (2013). La Nao de China, 1565-1815. Navegación, comercio e intercambios culturales. Universidad de Sevilla. ISBN 8447215377, 9788447215379.
^ abcd(in Spanish). "El Galeón de Manila. La ruta española que unió tres continentes". Fundación Museo Naval. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
^Williams, Glyn (1999). The Prize of All the Oceans. New York: Viking. p. 4. ISBN 0-670-89197-5.
The Manilagalleon (Spanish: Galeón de Manila; Filipino: Galyon ng Maynila), originally known as La Nao de China, and Galeón de Acapulco, refers to the...
tons although although some Manilagalleons were to reach a displacement of 2,000 tons. With the introduction of the galleon in Portuguese India Armadas...
returning galleons had to reach the latitudes of Japan before they could safely cross. The discovery, upon which the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade was...
Europe by way of Manila. Thus, the Philippines earned its income through the trade of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon. To Spain, the galleon trade was the link...
Caribbean and Florida, as well as the Philippines and Guam via the Manilagalleons. It has also been introduced to Cambodia, Thailand and South Asia,...
Philippines. His richest prize was the captured 600-ton sailing ship the ManilaGalleon Santa Ana (also called Santa Anna). He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth...
Urdaneta, the Spanish controlled transpacific trade for 250 years; Manilagalleons would cross from Mexico to the Philippines, and vice versa, until 1815...
permanent transatlantic trade route in history. Similarly, the related Manilagalleon trade was the first permanent trade route across the Pacific. The Spanish...
and Pacific products. A total of 110 Manilagalleons set sail in the 250 years of the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade (1565 to 1815). There was no direct...
center; its port in what is now Plaza Mexico was the Asian hub of the Manilagalleon trade, carrying goods to and from Acapulco in what is now Mexico. Construction...
World terminus of the transpacific trade with the Philippines via the Manilagalleon. New Spain became a vital link between Spain's New World empire and...
reprovisioning stops for the Manilagalleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.: 51 Spanish colonization commenced...
Falcon in 2013 in Tillamook County. The ship, thought to be the Spanish Manilagalleon Santo Cristo de Burgos that was wrecked in 1693, was carrying a large...
between its territories of the Philippines and Mexico, served by the ManilaGalleon. This trade route lasted until 1815. The Portuguese trade routes were...
period Manila (province) Real Audiencia of ManilaManilagalleon Battle of Bangkusay Channel Battle of Manila (1574) Conspiracy of the Maharlikas Sangley...
Pacific, leading to the important transpacific transport link of the Manila-Acapulco Galleons. In 1571, exploiting a rivalry between the states of Tondo and...
contribution in the Philippines. Commenting on the ManilaGalleon, Joaquin writes: "It was the ManilaGalleon that brought the guitar to the kanto-boy, the...
holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila. Later on, the Manilagalleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing...
Saint Pudentiana and Our Lady of Guidance. Manila became famous for its role in the Manila–Acapulco galleon trade, which lasted for more than two centuries...
Ilchester in London. Boxer recognized the importance of what he called the "Manila Manuscript" and published a paper in 1950 with a detailed description of...
across the Atlantic Ocean between the Americas and Europe, and the ManilaGalleon across the Pacific Ocean between the Philippines and the Americas. The...
—No.8: May 31, 1889. Anonymous. A Warning.—No.8: May 31, 1889. Anonymous. Manila Custom House.—No.9: June 15, 1889. Anonymous. Go Ahead, Sr. Becerra.—No...
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