Manchu folk religion or Manchu traditional religion is the ethnic religion practiced by most of the Manchu people, the major Tungusic group in China. It can also be called Manchu shamanism because the word "shaman" being originally from Tungusic šamán,[1] later applied by Western scholars to similar religious practices in other cultures.
It is an animistic and polytheistic religion, believing in several gods and spirits, led by a universal sky god called Abka Enduri ("Sky God" or "God of Heaven"), also referred to as Abka Han ("Sky Khan" or "Khan of Heaven") and Abka Ama ("Sky Father"), originally Abka Hehe ("Sky Woman", by extension "Sky Mother") who is the source of all life and creation.[2] Deities (enduri) enliven every aspect of nature, and the worship of these gods is believed to bring favour, health and prosperity.[3] Many of the deities were originally Manchu ancestors, and people with the same surname are generated by the same god.[4]
Shamans are persons of unusual ability, strength and sensitivity, capable of perception and prediction of the ways of the gods. They are endowed with the social function of conducting sacrificial ceremonies and approach the deities asking them for intervention or protection. Because of their abilities, shamans are people of great authority and prestige. Usually, every Manchu kin has its own shaman.[3]
Manchu folk religious rites were standardised by the Qianlong Emperor (1736–1796) in the Manchu Sacrificial Ritual to the Gods and Heaven (Manjusai wecere metere kooli bithe), a manual published in Manchu in 1747 and in Qing Mandarin (Chinese: 欽定滿洲祭神祭天典禮) in 1780.[4][5] With the conquest of imperial power during Qing China, the Manchu gradually adopted Mandarin and assimilated into the Chinese religion, although Manchu folk religion persists with a distinct character within broader Chinese religion. Today, Manchu shamanism has between 700,000 and 900,000 followers.
major Tungusic group in China. It can also be called Manchushamanism because the word "shaman" being originally from Tungusic šamán, later applied by...
Shamanism was the dominant religion of the Jurchen people of northeast Asia and of their descendants, the Manchu people. As early as the Jin dynasty (1115–1234)...
comeback. Yellow shamanism defines a distinct form of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. The term "yellow" in "Yellow Shamanism" is derived from...
century, Manchus came into contact with Chinese culture. They adopted Confucianism along with Buddhism and discouraged shamanism. Shamanism has a long...
shamanisms in the region (Tungus and Manchushamanism, Mongolian shamanism, Korean shamanism, broader Siberian shamanism). Historically it is the result of...
follow the religio-cultural practices of shamanism. Some researchers regard Siberia as the heartland of shamanism. The people of Siberia comprise a variety...
Black shamanism (Mongolian: Хар бөө) is a kind of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. It is specifically opposed to yellow shamanism, which incorporates...
peoples, in China. It may also be called "ManchuShamanism" (满族萨满教 Mǎnzú sàmǎnjiào) by virtue of the word "shaman" being originally from Tungusic šamán ("man...
Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of...
native Manchu population, today mostly assimilated to the Han Chinese, practices Han religions but has also maintained pure Manchushamanism. The local...
noted between Korean shamanic narratives and other East Asian myths, in particular the mythology of Manchushamanism. Korean shamanism is currently undergoing...
religion Manchushamanism, practiced in Northeast China Mongolian shamanism, practiced in Inner Mongolia Shamans in Ming China Imperial shamanism during...
Shamanism is a religious practice present in various cultures and religions around the world. Shamanism takes on many different forms, which vary greatly...
Tengrism Korean shamanism Ainu religion Ko-Shintō Turkic Shamanism Chinese shamanismManchushamanism Northeast China folk religion Nuo folk religion Bon Đạo...
the sky deity, of polytheistic shamanism, later known as Tengrism. Tengrism differs from contemporary Siberian shamanism in that it was a more organized...
Yellow shamanism (Mongolian: Шар бөө) is the term used to designate a particular version of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia which incorporates...
set them off from Han Chinese. State shamanism was important to the imperial family both to maintain their Manchu cultural identity and to promote their...
ethnolinguistic group formed by the speakers of Tungusic languages (or Manchu–Tungus languages). They are native to Siberia, China, and Mongolia. The...
Афанасьев; 1952–2017), also known by his ethnic name "Téris", studied shamanism in the Soviet years. His teaching is a monotheistically modernized Yakut...
Han religion with Tungus and Manchushamanisms; these include chūmǎxiān (Chinese: 出馬仙 "riding for the immortals") shamanism, the worship of foxes and other...
significant Manchu population, although strongly assimilated to the Han Chinese and practicing Chinese religions, also retains its own pure Manchushamanism. At...
contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet. Manchu (Manchu:ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ...
based on folk shamanism, animism and generally centered around the titular sky god Tengri. Mongolian shamanism – the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion...
(Spasskiy 1822, p. 34). Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples ManchushamanismShamanism in Siberia Y.Z. 1824, p.595, col.1. Y.Z. 1824, p.595, cols.1-2...
Empress Dowager Cixi [tsʰɹ̩̌.ɕì] (29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), was a Manchu noblewoman of the Yehe Nara clan who effectively controlled the Chinese...
Global Information