"Shaman" and "Shamans" redirect here. For other uses, see Shaman (disambiguation).
Part of a series on
Anthropology of religion
Buryat shaman on Olkhon Island, Siberia
Basic concepts
Afterlife
Animism
Augury
Communitas
Comparative religion
Divination
Divine language
Evolutionary origin of religion
Fetishism
Great Spirit
Henotheism
Initiation
Laying on of hands
Liminality
Magic (supernatural)
Mana
Monotheism
Nympholepsy
Oracle
Pilgrimage
Polytheism
Rite of passage
Ritual
Sacred language
Sacred–profane dichotomy
Sacred site
Shamanism
Soul dualism
Superstition
Theories about religion
Totem
Transtheism
Veneration of the dead
Case studies
Magic
Coral Gardens and Their Magic
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
Neo-Paganism
Ritual
Angakkuq
Babaylan
Bobohizan
Bomoh
Bora
Dukun
Miko
Jhākri
Pawang
Slametan
Wu
Revitalization movements
Cargo cult
Ghost Dance
Handsome Lake
Related articles
The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
Purity and Danger
Myth and ritual
Archaeology of religion and ritual
Poles in mythology
Lived religion
Elite religion
Major theorists
Augustin Calmet
Akbar S. Ahmed
Talal Asad
Joseph Campbell
Mary Douglas
Émile Durkheim
Arnold van Gennep
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
James Frazer
Clifford Geertz
Robin Horton
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Robert Marett
Roy Rappaport
Saba Mahmood
Marshall Sahlins
Melford Spiro
Stanley Tambiah
Victor Turner
Edward Burnett Tylor
Daniel Martin Varisco
Anthony F. C. Wallace
Journals
Anthropological Perspectives on Religion
Folklore
The Hibbert Journal
The Journal of Religion
Oceania
Religions
Ethnic and folk religions
Afro-American religion
Alaska Native religion
Anito
Atua
Böö mörgöl
Chinese folk religion
Hanitu
Hausa
Kejawèn
Native American religion
Noaidi
Shindo
Shamanism in Siberia
Shinto
Tengrism
Traditional African religions
Buddhism
Mahayana
Nichiren
Pure Land
Shingon
Theravada
Tiantai
Tibetan
Vajrayana
Zen
Christianity
Adventism
Anglicanism
Armenian Apostolic Church
Baptists
Calvinism
Catholic Church
Coptic Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy
Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Greek Orthodoxy
Lutheranism
Methodism
Nestorianism
Oriental Orthodoxy
Pentecostalism
Protestantism
Quakers
Russian Orthodoxy
Hinduism
Hindu denominations
Shaivism
Shaktism
Smartism
Vaishnavism
Ayyavazhi
Islam
Ahmadiyya
Ibadi
Mahdavia
Non-denominational
Quranists
Shia
Sufism
Sunni
Yazdânism
Judaism
Conservative
Haredi
Hasidic
Haymanot
Karaite
Orthodox
Reform
Jainism
Digambara
Śvetāmbara
Sikhism
Social and cultural anthropology
v
t
e
This article is part of a series on
Alternative medicine
General information
Alternative medicine
History
Terminology
Alternative veterinary medicine
Quackery (health fraud)
Rise of modern medicine
Pseudoscience
Antiscience
Skepticism
Scientific
Therapeutic nihilism
Fringe medicine and science
Acupressure
Acupuncture
Alkaline diet
Anthroposophic medicine
Apitherapy
Applied kinesiology
Aromatherapy
Association for Research and Enlightenment
Auriculotherapy
Bates method
Biological terrain assessment
Black salve
Bodywork
Bone-setting
Bowen technique
Breathwork
Fake COVID-19 treatments
Camel urine
Cancer treatments
Charcoal cleanse
Chelation therapy
Chiropractic
Chiropractic treatment techniques
Vertebral subluxation
Christian Science
Chromotherapy
Colloidal silver
Colon cleansing
Coffee enema
Colorpuncture
Conversion therapy
Craniosacral therapy
Crystal healing
Cupping therapy
Dental amalgam controversy
Detoxification
Foot detox
Dry needling
Ear candling
Energy medicine
Correactology
Esoteric energy
Therapeutic touch
Estrogen dominance
Fabunan Antiviral Injection
Facilitated communication
FasciaBlaster
Feldenkrais Method
Functional medicine
Hair analysis
Herbal medicine
Holistic dentistry
Hologram bracelet
Homeopathy
Bach flower remedies
Hydrotherapy
Hypnotherapy
Ionized jewelry
Iridology
Jilly Juice
Lightning Process
Lymphotherapy
Magnet therapy
Manual therapy
Medical intuitive
Megavitamin therapy
Mesmerism
Mind–body interventions
MMS
Myofascial release
NAET
Naturopathy
Oil pulling
Orgone
Orthomolecular medicine
Orthopathy
Osteomyology
Osteopathy
Ozone therapy
Parapsychology
Phrenology
Postural Integration
Psychic surgery
Psychodermatology
Quantum healing
Radionics
Rapid prompting method
Reflexology
RBOP
Reiki
Rolfing
Scientific racism
ThetaHealing
Thought Field Therapy
Urophagia
Vaginal steaming
Vegetotherapy
Vision therapy
Vitalism
Young blood transfusion
Zero balancing
Conspiracy theories
Big Pharma conspiracy theories
HIV/AIDS denialism
OPV AIDS hypothesis
Anti-vaccinationism
in chiropractic
Vaccines and autism
MMR vaccine and autism
Water fluoridation controversy
COVID-19 misinformation
Turbo cancer
Classifications
Alternative medical systems
Mind–body intervention
Biologically based therapy
Manipulative methods
Energy therapy
Traditional medicine
African
Muti
Southern Africa
Ayurveda
Dosha
MVAH
Balneotherapy
Brazilian
Bush medicine
Cambodian
Chinese
Blood stasis
Chinese herbology
Dit da
Gua sha
Gill plate trade
Long gu
Meridian
Moxibustion
Pressure point
Qi
San Jiao
Tui na
Zang-fu
Chumash
Curandero
Faith healing
Hilot
Iranian
Jamu
Kayakalpa
Kambo
Japanese
Korean
Mien Shiang
Mongolian
Naftalan oil
Prophetic medicine
Shamanism
Shiatsu
Siddha
Sri Lankan
Thai massage
Tibetan
Unani
Vietnamese
Diagnoses
Adrenal fatigue
Aerotoxic syndrome
Candida hypersensitivity
Chronic Lyme disease
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity
Heavy legs
Leaky gut syndrome
Multiple chemical sensitivity
Wilson's temperature syndrome
v
t
e
Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance.[1][2] The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, divination, or to aid human beings in some other way.[1]
Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. Hundreds of books and academic papers on the subject have been produced, with a peer-reviewed academic journal being devoted to the study of shamanism.
In the 20th century, non-Indigenous Westerners involved in countercultural movements, such as hippies and the New Age created modern magico-religious practices influenced by their ideas of various Indigenous religions, creating what has been termed neoshamanism or the neoshamanic movement.[3] It has affected the development of many neopagan practices, as well as faced a backlash and accusations of cultural appropriation,[4] exploitation and misrepresentation when outside observers have tried to practice the ceremonies of, or represent, centuries-old cultures to which they do not belong.[5]
^ abSingh, Manvir (2018). "The cultural evolution of shamanism". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 41: e66: 1–61. doi:10.1017/S0140525X17001893. PMID 28679454. S2CID 206264885.
^Mircea Eliade; Vilmos Diószegi (May 12, 2020). "Shamanism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 20, 2020. Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans' repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.
^Gredig, Florian (2009). Finding New Cosmologies. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf.
^Kehoe, Alice Beck (2000). Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press. ISBN 978-1-57766-162-7.
^Wernitznig, Dagmar, Europe's Indians, Indians in Europe: European Perceptions and Appropriations of Native American Cultures from Pocahontas to the Present. University Press of America, 2007: p.132. "What happens further in the Plastic Shaman's [fictitious] story is highly irritating from a perspective of cultural hegemony. The Injun elder does not only willingly share their spirituality with the white intruder but, in fact, must come to the conclusion that this intruder is as good an Indian as they are themselves. Regarding Indian spirituality, the Plastic Shaman even out-Indians the actual ones. The messianic element, which Plastic Shamanism financially draws on, is installed in the Yoda-like elder themselves. They are the ones – while melodramatically parting from their spiritual offshoot – who urge the Plastic Shaman to share their gift with the rest of the world. Thus Plastic Shamans wipe their hands clean of any megalomaniac or missionizing undertones. Licensed by the authority of an Indian elder, they now have every right to spread their wisdom, and if they make (quite more than) a buck with it, then so be it.--The neocolonial ideology attached to this scenario leaves less room for cynicism."
Shamanism or samanism is a religious practice that involves a practitioner (shaman or saman) interacting with the spirit world through altered states of...
noted that providing a definition of Korean shamanism was "really problematic". He characterised "Korean shamanism" as being a largely "residual" category...
comeback. Yellow shamanism defines a distinct form of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. The term "yellow" in "Yellow Shamanism" is derived from...
of shamanism. It usually means shamanism practiced by Western people as a type of New Age spirituality, without a connection to traditional shamanic societies...
follow the religio-cultural practices of shamanism. Some researchers regard Siberia as the heartland of shamanism. The people of Siberia comprise a variety...
Urban shamanism distinguishes traditional shamanism found in indigenous societies from Western adaptations that draw on contemporary and modern roots...
Black shamanism (Mongolian: Хар бөө) is a kind of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. It is specifically opposed to yellow shamanism, which incorporates...
religions. Traditional Inuit religious practices include animism and shamanism, in which spiritual healers mediate with spirits. Today many Inuit follow...
Shamanic Music is ritualistic music used in religious and spiritual ceremonies associated with the practice of shamanism. Shamanic music makes use of various...
Shamanism is a religious practice present in various cultures and religions around the world. Shamanism takes on many different forms, which vary greatly...
major Tungusic group in China. It can also be called Manchu shamanism because the word "shaman" being originally from Tungusic šamán, later applied by Western...
Shamanism in China (Chinese: 中国萨满教; pinyin: Zhōngguó sàmǎnjiào) may refer to all the forms of shamanism practiced in China: Chinese shamanism, or Wuism...
a form of shamanism not influenced by Buddhism, called black shamanism. Yurt-shaped shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar. Interior of a shamanic temple in Ulaanbaatar...
The Mazatec Shamans are known for their ritual use of psilocybin mushrooms, psychoactive morning glory seeds, and Salvia divinorum. María Sabina was one...
Contemporary Shamanism. New York: Broadway Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7679-0742-6. Rose, Wendy, "The Great Pretenders: Further Reflections on White Shamanism." in:...
manga and anime series Shaman King features several characters created by Hiroyuki Takei. As a result of being focused on shamanism the series' cast is divided...
phenomenon called shamanism); Crossley 1999, p. 19 note 35 ("Shirokogoroff placed Manchu shamanism, particularly, so firmly in the center of shamanic studies that...
priests, but especially of the curers, shows features also associated with shamanism. Knowledge of the earlier Maya priesthood is almost entirely based on...
with little connection to traditional shamanic religions. Other shamans abandoned the animistic aspects of shamanism and became folk healers (arbularyo)...
Asakura as he attempts to hone his shaman skills to become the Shaman King by winning the Shaman Fight. Takei chose shamanism as the main theme of the series...
Emma (2010). The Visions of Isabel Gowdie: Magic, Witchcraft and Dark Shamanism in Seventeenth-Century Scotland. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. Eric...