Malvina Gruber information

Malvina Gruber
Malvina Gruber
Born	6 December 1900
Nationality	Czechoslovakian
Occupation(s)	cutout and courier
Years active	1939–1942
Organization(s)	Communist International, Red Orchestra
Known for	Member of the Red Orchestra

Malvina Gruber, née Hofstadterova (born 6 December 1900 in Jamborkretz, Czechoslovakia) was a Jewish^[1] Comintern agent, who was part of a Soviet intelligence network in Belgium and France, that was later called the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle") by the Abwehr, during Nazi regime.^[2] Gruber worked as a cutout, but her specialism was couriering people across borders. From 1938 to 1942, Gruber worked as assistant to Soviet agent Abraham Rajchmann, a forger, who provided identity papers, e.g. the Kennkarte, Carte d'identité and travel permits, for the espionage group. At the beginning of 1942, she was arrested in Brussels by the Abwehr.^[3]

^ Kesaris, Paul L., ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
^ Kesaris, Paul L., ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
^ Coppi Jr., Hans (July 1996). Dietrich Bracher, Karl; Schwarz, Hans-Peter; Möller, Horst (eds.). "Die Rote Kapelle" [The Red Orchestra in the field of conflict and intelligence activity, The Trepper Report June 1943] (PDF). Quarterly Books for Contemporary History (in German). 44 (3). Munich: Institute of Contemporary History: 431–459. ISSN 0042-5702. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

[1] Kesaris, Paul L., ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. Retrieved 18 April 2021.

[Kesaris_p285-2] Kesaris, Paul L., ed. (1979). The Rote Kapelle: the CIA's history of Soviet intelligence and espionage networks in Western Europe, 1936-1945 (pdf). Washington DC: University Publications of America. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-89093-203-2. Retrieved 18 April 2021.

[3] Coppi Jr., Hans (July 1996). Dietrich Bracher, Karl; Schwarz, Hans-Peter; Möller, Horst (eds.). "Die Rote Kapelle" [The Red Orchestra in the field of conflict and intelligence activity, The Trepper Report June 1943] (PDF). Quarterly Books for Contemporary History (in German). 44 (3). Munich: Institute of Contemporary History: 431–459. ISSN 0042-5702. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2021.

Malvina Gruber information

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Malvina Gruber

Born	(1900-12-06)6 December 1900
Nationality	Czechoslovakian
Occupation(s)	cutout and courier
Years active	1939–1942
Organization(s)	Communist International, Red Orchestra
Known for	Member of the Red Orchestra