Mahmud Barzanji as Kurdish warlord (prior to 1919)
Date
May–June 1919; November 1922 – July 1924
Location
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration and Mandatory Iraq
Result
Iraqi Victory
Kingdom of Kurdistan abolished in 1924
Sheykh Mahmud retreats to underground
Iraqi Kurdistan is merged into Mandatory Iraq (1926)
Territorial changes
Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British
Belligerents
Mandatory Iraq RAF Iraq Command
Kurdish state
Barzinja tenantry and tribesmen
Hamavand tribe
Sections of the Jaf, Jabbari, Sheykh Bizayni and Shuan tribes
Kingdom of Kurdistan
Kurdish National Army
Commanders and leaders
Faisal I
Mahmud Barzanji
Strength
Two British brigades
500
v
t
e
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
Early conflicts
Mahmud Barzanji revolts
Ahmed Barzani revolt
1943 Barzani revolt
Main phase
First Iraqi–Kurdish War
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
PUK insurgency
Arabization campaigns
1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions
Anfal campaign
1991 uprisings
Later phase
1994–97 Civil War
2003 invasion of Iraq
2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
Kirkuk
2023 Makhmour clashes
Mahmud Barzanji revolts were a series of armed uprisings by Kurdish Sheykh Mahmud Barzanji against the Iraqi authority in newly conquered British Mesopotamia and later the British Mandate in Iraq. Following his first insurrection in May 1919, Sheykh Mahmud was imprisoned and eventually exiled to India for a one-year period. When returning, he was once again appointed a governor, but shortly revolted again declaring himself as the ruler of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. The Kingdom of Kurdistan lasted from September 1922 – July 1924.[1] With British forces greatly exceeding his in ammunition and training, the defeat finally subdued the region to central British Iraqi rule in 1924. Sheykh Mahmud retreated into mountains, and eventually reached terms with the independent Kingdom of Iraq in 1932, over his return from the underground. Sheykh Mahmud revolts are considered the first chapter of the modern Iraqi–Kurdish conflict.
^Prince, James M. (January 1993). "A Kurdish State in Iraq?". Current History. 92 (570): [page needed].
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Global Information
Mandatory Iraq
RAF Iraq Command
Mahmud Barzanji