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Iraqi Revolt
Date
May–October 1920
Location
OETA
Result
British military victory Iraqi political victory[1]
Greater autonomy given to Iraq
Faysal ibn Husayn installed as King
British Mandate for Mesopotamia cancelled[2]
Belligerents
United Kingdom
Iraqi rebels
Al-ʽAhd
Haras Al-Istiqlal
Arab tribesmen
Kurdish tribesmen
Commanders and leaders
Sir Arnold Wilson Clive Kirkpatrick Daly
Gerard Leachman †
Shaalan Abu al-Jun Muhsin Abu-Tabikh Ja'far Abu al-Timman Muhammad Hasan Abi al-Mahasin Mirza Taqi al-Shirazi Mirza Mahdi al-Shirazi Mehdi Al-Khalissi Mahmud Barzanji Dhari ibn Mahmud Habib al-Khaizaran Omar al-Alwan Other heads of iraqi tribesmen
Strength
120,000 [3][dubious – discuss] (later reinforced with an additional 15,414 men) 63 aircraft[3]
The Iraqi Revolt began in Baghdad in the summer of 1920 with mass demonstrations by Iraqis, including protests by embittered officers from the old Ottoman Army, against the British who published the new land ownership and the burial taxes at Najaf. The revolt gained momentum when it spread to the largely tribal Shia regions of the middle and lower Euphrates. Sheikh Mehdi Al-Khalissi was a prominent Shia leader of the revolt. Using heavy artillery and aerial bombardment, the uprising was suppressed by the British.[8]
Sunni and Shia religious communities cooperated during the revolution as well as tribal communities, the urban masses, and many Iraqi officers in Syria.[9] The objectives of the revolution were independence from British rule and the creation of an Arab government.[9] The revolt achieved some initial success, but by the end of October 1920, the British had suppressed the revolt, although elements of it dragged on until 1922.
^Kadhim, Abbas (2012). Reclaiming Iraq: The 1920 Revolution and the Founding of the Modern State. University of Texas Press. pp. 10–11. ISBN 9780292739246.
^The new Cambridge modern history. Volume xii. p.293.
^ abLieutenant Colonel David J. Dean: Air Power in Small Wars - the British air control experience Archived 7 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Air University Review (Air & Space Power Journal), July–August 1983. Retrieved 16.05.2012.
^Ibrahim Al-Marashi, Sammy Salama: Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History, Routledge, 2008, ISBN 0415400783, page 15.
^ abcdTauber, Eliezer; Ṭaʼuber, Eliʻezer; Ṭa'uber, Eliʿezer (23 January 1995). The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq. Frank Cass. ISBN 9780714645575 – via Google Books.
^ abCite error: The named reference guardian was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^A Report on Mesopotamia by T.E. Lawrence The Sunday Times, 22 August 1920
^Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion: Britain, Jordan and the End of Empire in the Middle East, p7.
^ abAtiyyah, Ghassan R. Iraq: 1908–1921, A Socio-Political Study. The Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 1973, 307
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