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Machine olfaction is the automated simulation of the sense of smell. An emerging application in modern engineering, it involves the use of robots or other automated systems to analyze air-borne chemicals. Such an apparatus is often called an electronic nose or e-nose. The development of machine olfaction is complicated by the fact that e-nose devices to date have responded to a limited number of chemicals, whereas odors are produced by unique sets of (potentially numerous) odorant compounds. The technology, though still in the early stages of development, promises many applications, such as:[1]
quality control in food processing, detection and diagnosis in medicine,[2] detection of drugs, explosives and other dangerous or illegal substances,[3] disaster response, and environmental monitoring.
One type of proposed machine olfaction technology is via gas sensor array instruments capable of detecting, identifying, and measuring volatile compounds. However, a critical element in the development of these instruments is pattern analysis, and the successful design of a pattern analysis system for machine olfaction requires a careful consideration of the various issues involved in processing multivariate data: signal-preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, classification, regression, clustering, and validation.[4] Another challenge in current research on machine olfaction is the need to predict or estimate the sensor response to aroma mixtures.[5] Some pattern recognition problems in machine olfaction such as odor classification and odor localization can be solved by using time series kernel methods.[6]
^Cite error: The named reference Sensors Council was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Geffen, Wouter H. van; Bruins, Marcel; Kerstjens, Huib A. M. (2016-01-01). "Diagnosing viral and bacterial respiratory infections in acute COPD exacerbations by an electronic nose: a pilot study". Journal of Breath Research. 10 (3): 036001. Bibcode:2016JBR....10c6001V. doi:10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036001. ISSN 1752-7163. PMID 27310311.
^Stassen, I.; Bueken, B.; Reinsch, H.; Oudenhoven, J. F. M.; Wouters, D.; Hajek, J.; Van Speybroeck, V.; Stock, N.; Vereecken, P. M.; Van Schaijk, R.; De Vos, D.; Ameloot, R. (2016). "Towards metal–organic framework based field effect chemical sensors: UiO-66-NH2 for nerve agent detection". Chem. Sci. 7 (9): 5827–5832. doi:10.1039/C6SC00987E. hdl:1854/LU-8157872. PMC 6024240. PMID 30034722.
^Gutierrez-Osuna, R. (2002). "Pattern analysis for machine olfaction: A review". IEEE Sensors Journal. 2 (3): 189–202. Bibcode:2002ISenJ...2..189G. doi:10.1109/jsen.2002.800688.
^Phaisangittisagul, Ekachai; Nagle, H. Troy (2011). "Predicting odor mixture's responses on machine olfaction sensors". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 155 (2): 473–482. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2010.12.049.
^Vembu, Shankar; Vergara, Alexander; Muezzinoglu, Mehmet K.; Huerta, Ramón (2012). "On time series features and kernels for machine olfaction". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 174: 535–546. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2012.06.070.
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settings, most often in market research, to quantify and qualify human olfaction. Olfactometers are used to gauge the odor detection threshold of substances...
Quantum computer Unconventional computing Wetware (brain) Biosensor Machineolfaction Biological computer born Neurocomputers - computers are far from comparable...
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fabrication of an automatic instrument to measure this taste threshold. Machineolfaction Olfactometer Banerjee, Anirban (22 June 2011). Development of an automated...
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the Medical School. A major prediction of Turin's vibration theory of olfaction is the isotope effect: that the normal and deuterated versions of a compound...
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neuroscience). He has also worked on problems in statistical inference and machine learning. Vijay Balasubramanian was born in Bombay, India, and spent his...
identifying molecules and thus both are types of chemoreceptors. Both olfaction (smell) and gustation (taste) require the transduction of chemical stimuli...
pheromone research. Springer-Verlag, New York. Aphid Olfaction Archived 2014-04-20 at the Wayback Machine Carlson Lab Home Page Walter Leal Lab Home Page...
variety of functions including emotion, behavior, long-term memory, and olfaction. The limbic system is involved in lower order emotional processing of...
PMC 240703. PMID 14566060. Lequette, B.; Verheyden, C.; Jowentin, P. (1989). "Olfaction in Subantarctic seabirds: Its phylogenetic and ecological significance"...
range of navigational cues, including the Sun, Earth's magnetic field, olfaction and vision. Ronald Lockley demonstrated that a small seabird, the Manx...
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