In celestial mechanics, the longitude of the periapsis, also called longitude of the pericenter, of an orbiting body is the longitude (measured from the point of the vernal equinox) at which the periapsis (closest approach to the central body) would occur if the body's orbit inclination were zero. It is usually denoted ϖ.
For the motion of a planet around the Sun, this position is called longitude of perihelion ϖ, which is the sum of the longitude of the ascending node Ω, and the argument of perihelion ω.[1][2]
The longitude of periapsis is a compound angle, with part of it being measured in the plane of reference and the rest being measured in the plane of the orbit. Likewise, any angle derived from the longitude of periapsis (e.g., mean longitude and true longitude) will also be compound.
Sometimes, the term longitude of periapsis is used to refer to ω, the angle between the ascending node and the periapsis. That usage of the term is especially common in discussions of binary stars and exoplanets.[3][4] However, the angle ω is less ambiguously known as the argument of periapsis.
^Urban, Sean E.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (eds.). "Chapter 8: Orbital Ephemerides of the Sun, Moon, and Planets" (PDF). Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac. University Science Books. p. 26.
^Simon, J. L.; et al. (1994). "Numerical expressions for precession formulae and mean elements for the Moon and the planets". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 282: 663–683, 672. Bibcode:1994A&A...282..663S.
^Robert Grant Aitken (1918). The Binary Stars. Semicentennial Publications of the University of California. D.C. McMurtrie. p. 201.
^"Format" Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine in Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars Archived 2009-04-12 at the Wayback Machine, William I. Hartkopf & Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. Accessed on 10 January 2018.
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