This article is about the fruit and tree. For other uses, see Long'an (disambiguation). For places in China, see Longnan and Longyan.
Not to be confused with Loganberry.
Longan
Longan fruit
Conservation status
Data Deficient (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Sapindales
Family:
Sapindaceae
Genus:
Dimocarpus
Species:
D. longan
Binomial name
Dimocarpus longan
Lour.[2]
Synonyms[2]
Dimocarpus undulatus Wight
Euphoria cinerea (Turcz.) Radlk.
Dimocarpus leichhardtiiS.T. Reynolds
Euphoria glabra Blume
Euphoria gracilis Radlk.
Euphoria leichhardtii Benth.
Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud.
Euphoria longana Lam.
Euphoria malaiensis (Griff.) Radlk.
Euphoria microcarpa Radlk.
Euphoria nephelioides Radlk.
Euphoria verruculosa Salisb.
Nephelium longan (Lour.) Hook.
Nephelium longana Cambess.
Longan
"Longan" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese
龍眼
Simplified Chinese
龙眼
Literal meaning
'dragon eye'
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
lóngyǎn
Bopomofo
ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄢˇ
Wade–Giles
lung2-yen3
IPA
[lʊ̌ŋ.jɛ̀n]
Wu
Suzhounese
lón-ngê
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
lùhng-ngáahn
Jyutping
lung4-ngaan5
IPA
[loŋ˩.ŋaːn˩˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
lêng-géng
Tâi-lô
lîng-gíng
Dimocarpus longan, commonly known as the longan (/ˈlɒŋɑːnˈ/) and dragon's eye, is a tropical tree species that produces edible fruit.[3] It is one of the better-known tropical members of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, to which the lychee and rambutan also belong.[3] The fruit of the longan is similar to that of the lychee, but less aromatic in taste.[4] It is native to tropical Asia and China.[5]
The longan (from Vietnamese long nhãn,[6] close to Cantonese lùhng ngáahn龍眼, literally 'dragon eye'), is so named because it resembles an eyeball when its fruit is shelled (the black seed shows through the translucent flesh like a pupil and iris). The seed is small, round and hard, and of an enamel-like, lacquered black. The fully ripened, freshly harvested fruit has a bark-like shell, thin, and firm, making the fruit easy to peel by squeezing the pulp out as if one were "cracking" a sunflower seed. When the shell has more moisture content and is more tender, the fruit becomes less convenient to shell. The tenderness of the shell varies due to either premature harvest, variety, weather conditions or storage conditions.
^Barstow, M. (2022). "Dimocarpus longan". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T32399A67808402. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
^ ab"Dimocarpus longan". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 September 2016 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
^ abMorton, Julia F. (1987). Longan; In: Fruits of Warm Climates. W. Lafayette, IN, USA: NewCrop, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University. pp. 259–262.
^Pham, V.T.; Herrero, M. (2016). "Fruiting pattern in longan, Dimocarpus longan: from pollination to aril development" (PDF). Annals of Applied Biology. 169 (3): 357–368. doi:10.1111/aab.12306. hdl:10261/135703.
^"Dimocarpus longan". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
^Loureiro, J. de (1790). Flora Cochinchinensis (in Latin). Vol. I. Lisbon: Ulyssipone.
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