As a material drops below its superconducting critical temperature, magnetic fields within the material are expelled via the Meissner effect. The London equations give a quantitative explanation of this effect.
Articles about
Electromagnetism
Electricity
Magnetism
Optics
History
Computational
Textbooks
Phenomena
Electrostatics
Charge density
Conductor
Coulomb law
Electret
Electric charge
Electric dipole
Electric field
Electric flux
Electric potential
Electrostatic discharge
Electrostatic induction
Gauss law
Insulator
Permittivity
Polarization
Potential energy
Static electricity
Triboelectricity
Magnetostatics
Ampère law
Biot–Savart law
Gauss magnetic law
Magnetic dipole
Magnetic field
Magnetic flux
Magnetic scalar potential
Magnetic vector potential
Magnetization
Permeability
Right-hand rule
Electrodynamics
Bremsstrahlung
Cyclotron radiation
Displacement current
Eddy current
Electromagnetic field
Electromagnetic induction
Electromagnetic pulse
Electromagnetic radiation
Faraday law
Jefimenko equations
Larmor formula
Lenz law
Liénard–Wiechert potential
London equations
Lorentz force
Maxwell equations
Maxwell tensor
Poynting vector
Synchrotron radiation
Electrical network
Alternating current
Capacitance
Current density
Direct current
Electric current
Electrolysis
Electromotive force
Impedance
Inductance
Joule heating
Kirchhoff laws
Network analysis
Ohm law
Parallel circuit
Resistance
Resonant cavities
Series circuit
Voltage
Waveguides
Magnetic circuit
AC motor
DC motor
Electric machine
Electric motor
Gyrator–capacitor
Induction motor
Linear motor
Magnetomotive force
Permeance
Reluctance (complex)
Reluctance (real)
Rotor
Stator
Transformer
Covariant formulation
Electromagnetic tensor
Electromagnetism and special relativity
Four-current
Four-potential
Mathematical descriptions
Maxwell equations in curved spacetime
Relativistic electromagnetism
Stress–energy tensor
Scientists
Ampère
Biot
Coulomb
Davy
Einstein
Faraday
Fizeau
Gauss
Heaviside
Helmholtz
Henry
Hertz
Hopkinson
Jefimenko
Joule
Kelvin
Kirchhoff
Larmor
Lenz
Liénard
Lorentz
Maxwell
Neumann
Ohm
Ørsted
Poisson
Poynting
Ritchie
Savart
Singer
Steinmetz
Tesla
Volta
Weber
Wiechert
v
t
e
The London equations, developed by brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935,[1] are constitutive relations for a superconductor relating its superconducting current to electromagnetic fields in and around it. Whereas Ohm's law is the simplest constitutive relation for an ordinary conductor, the London equations are the simplest meaningful description of superconducting phenomena, and form the genesis of almost any modern introductory text on the subject.[2][3][4] A major triumph of the equations is their ability to explain the Meissner effect,[5] wherein a material exponentially expels all internal magnetic fields as it crosses the superconducting threshold.
^London, F.; London, H. (1935). "The Electromagnetic Equations of the Supraconductor". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 149 (866): 71. Bibcode:1935RSPSA.149...71L. doi:10.1098/rspa.1935.0048.
^
Michael Tinkham (1996). Introduction to Superconductivity. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-064878-6.
^Neil Ashcroft; David Mermin (1976). Solid State Physics. Saunders College. p. 738. ISBN 0-03-083993-9.
^Charles Kittel (2005). Introduction to Solid State Physics (8th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-41526-X.
^Meissner, W.; R. Ochsenfeld (1933). "Ein neuer Effekt bei Eintritt der Supraleitfähigkeit". Naturwissenschaften. 21 (44): 787. Bibcode:1933NW.....21..787M. doi:10.1007/BF01504252. S2CID 37842752.
The Londonequations, developed by brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935, are constitutive relations for a superconductor relating its superconducting...
S2CID 37842752. London, F. & London, H. (1935). "The Electromagnetic Equations of the Supraconductor". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 149 (866):...
This equation is the principle behind an electrical generator. By way of contrast, Gauss's law for electric fields, another of Maxwell's equations, is...
superconductors with the Londonequations and was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on five separate occasions. London was born in Breslau, Germany...
law for electric fields in its integral form and it is one of Maxwell's equations. While the electric flux is not affected by charges that are not within...
where H is the magnetic field and λ is the London penetration depth. This equation, known as the Londonequation, predicts that the magnetic field in a superconductor...
approximate solutions of certain partial differential equations using computers. Partial differential equations also occupy a large sector of pure mathematical...
by Fritz and Heinz London in their Londonequations (1935). The London penetration depth results from considering the Londonequation and Ampère's circuital...
equation Hypergeometric differential equation Jimbo–Miwa–Ueno isomonodromy equations Painlevé equations Picard–Fuchs equation to describe the periods of elliptic...
two kinds of equations: identities and conditional equations. An identity is true for all values of the variables. A conditional equation is only true...
Calculus/Ordinary differential equations Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ordinary differential equations. "Differential equation, ordinary", Encyclopedia...
electromagnetic field is described by Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law. Maxwell's equations detail how the electric field converges towards...
accordingly to yield Jefimenko's equations. Retarded potentials can also be derived for point charges, and the equations are known as the Liénard–Wiechert...
a circuit is represented by a system of differential equations. The solution to these equations usually contain a time varying or transient part as well...
by Maxwell's equations. In vacuum (or for the microscopic equations, not including macroscopic material descriptions), Maxwell's equations can be written...
In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time. More specifically...
equations, a set of four partial differential equations which provide a complete description of classical electromagnetic fields. Maxwell's equations...
{d} {\vec {\ell }}}=\phi ({\vec {b}})-\phi ({\vec {a}}).} From these equations, we see that the electric potential is constant in any region for which...
Molecular Theory of Superconductivity", where Fritz London proposed that the phenomenological Londonequations may be consequences of the coherence of a quantum...
The Friedmann equations, also known as the Friedmann-Lemaître or FL equations, are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion...
problems have fewer equations than unknowns and involve finding integers that solve simultaneously all equations. As such systems of equations define algebraic...
Global Information
