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Transient electrical signals
Local field potentials (LFP) are transient electrical signals generated in nerves and other tissues by the summed and synchronous electrical activity of the individual cells (e.g. neurons) in that tissue. LFP are "extracellular" signals, meaning that they are generated by transient imbalances in ion concentrations in the spaces outside the cells, that result from cellular electrical activity. LFP are 'local' because they are recorded by an electrode placed nearby the generating cells. As a result of the Inverse-square law, such electrodes can only 'see' potentials in spatially limited radius. They are 'potentials' because they are generated by the voltage that results from charge separation in the extracellular space. They are 'field' because those extracellular charge separations essentially create a local electric field. LFP are typically recorded with a high-impedance microelectrode placed in the midst of the population of cells generating it. They can be recorded, for example, via a microelectrode placed in the brain of a human[1] or animal subject, or in an in vitro brain thin slice.
^Peyrache A, Dehghani N, Eskandar EN, Madsen JR, Anderson WS, Donoghue JA, et al. (January 2012). "Spatiotemporal dynamics of neocortical excitation and inhibition during human sleep". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (5): 1731–1736. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.1731P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1109895109. PMC 3277175. PMID 22307639.
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