Chinese term for official persecution of intellectuals for their writings
Literary inquisition
Chinese
文字獄
Other name
speech crime
Literal meaning
imprisonment due to writings
The literary inquisition (simplified Chinese: 文字狱; traditional Chinese: 文字獄; pinyin: wénzìyù; lit. 'imprisonment due to writings'), also known as speech crime[1] (以言入罪), refers to official persecution of intellectuals for their writings in China. The Hanyu Da Cidian defines it as "the ruler deliberately extracts words or phrases from intellectual's writings and arbitrarily accuse him in order to persecute him" ("旧时谓统治者为迫害知识分子，故意从其著作中摘取字句，罗织成罪").[2] The inquisition took place under each of the dynasties ruling China, although the Ming dynasty was particularly notorious for the practice.
In general, there are two ways a literary inquisition could be carried out. First is that the conviction came from the writing itself. That is, the writing was the direct cause of the persecution. The second is that the writing was used as a tool to provide legitimate evidence for a predetermined conviction.[3] Such persecutions could owe even to a single phrase or word which the ruler considered offensive. Some of these were due to the naming taboo, such as writing a Chinese character that was part of the emperor's personal name. In the most serious cases, not only the writer, but also their immediate and extended families, as well as those close to them, would also be implicated and killed.
^Li Ping (2020-09-11). "Editorial: Conviction by speech, what pretext?". Apple Daily. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-11-23.
^Han yu da ci dian. Luo, Zhufeng., 罗竹风. (2nd (2003 printing) ed.). Shanghai: Han yu da ci dian chu ban she. 2001. ISBN 978-7543200166. OCLC 48854704.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Qiguang., Hu; 胡奇光. (1993). Zhongguo wen huo shi (1st ed.). Shanghai: Shanghai ren min chu ban she. ISBN 978-7208015852. OCLC 31125076.
and 27 Related for: Literary inquisition information
The literaryinquisition (simplified Chinese: 文字狱; traditional Chinese: 文字獄; pinyin: wénzìyù; lit. 'imprisonment due to writings'), also known as speech...
regent Oboi monopolised state power and introduced the practice of literaryinquisition. Many intellectuals and scholars were persecuted for their writings...
(Chinese: 橫浦), was a Qing dynasty official who was a victim of the LiteraryInquisition. He was from Haining, Zhejiang. Zha Siting passed the jinshi examinations...
Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española)...
collection ever made of Chinese history, while also overseeing extensive literaryinquisitions that led to the suppression of some 3,100 works. In 1796, Qianlong...
during the Qing dynasty. He was executed under the Qing government's literaryinquisition policies during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. Wang was born...
also known as the Ming History case, was a 17th-century case of literaryinquisition which took place in China between 1661 and 1663 during the Qing dynasty...
to the capital. At first, few did, because of concerns about the LiteraryInquisition, but towards the end of 1772 the emperor issued a decree stating...
mentioned in the list were burned by the NSDAP Index of Repudiated Books Literaryinquisition They included everything by Pietro Aretino, Machiavelli, Erasmus...
capital punishment. However, as was fairly typical in such cases with literaryinquisition, the emperor commuted the sentence by pardoning all of Wang's relatives...
France NKVD KGB Okhrana Burning of books and burying of scholars literaryinquisition Great Purge "Oprichnina". The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Walter Leitsch...
1–237. ISBN 978-0486233376. Koyama, Mark (February 11, 2015). "The LiteraryInquisition: The Persecution of Intellectuals and Human Capital Accumulation...
collection of books in Chinese history. Nevertheless, Qianlong used the literaryinquisition to silence opposition. Beneath outward prosperity and imperial confidence...
The story is about the torments endured by a prisoner of the Spanish Inquisition, though Poe skews historical facts. The narrator of the story describes...
criticism Four Wangs History of Ming Kangxi Dictionary Kaozheng Literaryinquisition Manchu Han Imperial Feast Peiwen Yunfu Pentaglot Dictionary Qing...
used dreams and auspicious events to explain success or failure. Literaryinquisition Porter, Jonathan. Imperial China 1350-1900. Rowman & Littlefield...
Anti-Buddhist Persecution History of China (Chinese classic texts) Itzcoatl LiteraryInquisition Twenty-Four Histories 相李斯曰：「臣請史官非秦記皆燒之。非博士官所職，天下敢有藏詩、書、百家語者，悉詣守、...
collection of books in Chinese history. Nevertheless, Qianlong used LiteraryInquisition to silence opposition. The accusation of individuals began with the...
criticism Four Wangs History of Ming Kangxi Dictionary Kaozheng Literaryinquisition Manchu Han Imperial Feast Peiwen Yunfu Pentaglot Dictionary Qing...
Yugen. "The Limits of Poetry as Means of Social Criticism: The 1079 LiteraryInquisition against Su Shi Revisited." Journal of Song-Yuan Studies. Volume 41...
Legend of the Spanish Inquisition is the hypothesis of the existence of a series of myths and fabrications about the Spanish Inquisition used as propaganda...
Social and Political Science Review 15 (April 1931): 62–77. The LiteraryInquisition of Ch'ien-Lung. (Baltimore: Waverly Press, American Council of Learned...
portal Russia portal LGBT rights in Russia Censorship in Russia Literaryinquisition ""Ъ": "Мегамаркет" снял с продажи пропагандирующие ЛГБТ книги". TACC...
to governors in order to maintain authoritarian rules. They used literaryinquisition as their weapon to control those who dared to say something, especially...
power List of Chinese dissidents List of Chinese Nobel laureates Literaryinquisition Weiquan movement Wolf warrior diplomacy Freeland, Chrystia (13 July...
session in the chamber above. In Peru, the torture chambers of the Spanish Inquisition were specifically constructed with thick walls so that the screams of...
capirote was prescribed for sinners and penitents during the Spanish Inquisition. Capirote Fool's cap Sanbenito Tin foil hat Jeaffreson, John Cordy (1870)...
Global Information