Allied victory and annexation of German South West Africa by the Union of South Africa
Namibian War of Independence (1966–1990)
SWAPO (PLAN)
MPLA (FAPLA)
Cuba
SWANU[1]
ANC (MK)[2]
Zambia[3]
Material support:
Soviet Union[4]
China[5]
East Germany[6][7]
North Korea[5][8]
Egypt[9][10]
Ghana[10][9]
Nigeria[note 1]
Algeria[10][4]
Libya[12]
Tanzania[9][13]
South Africa Transitional Government of South West Africa[14]
Military stalemate and Namibian independence
Caprivi conflict (1994–1999)
Namibia
Caprivi Liberation Army
Namibian victory
^Nigeria established bilateral relations with PLAN in 1976, and thereafter plied that movement with millions of dollars in direct financial contributions and logistical support.[11] During the 1980s, PLAN arms were airlifted directly to the insurgents by the Nigerian Air Force.[11]
^Dale, Richard (2014). The Namibian War of Independence, 1966-1989: Diplomatic, Economic and Military Campaigns. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers. pp. 74–77, 93–95. ISBN 978-0786496594.
^Thomas, Scott (1995). The Diplomacy of Liberation: The Foreign Relations of the ANC Since 1960. London: Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 202–210. ISBN 978-1850439936.
^Larmer, Miles (2011). Rethinking African Politics: A History of Opposition in Zambia. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. pp. 209–217. ISBN 978-1409482499.
^ abUdogu, Emmanuel (2011). Liberating Namibia: The Long Diplomatic Struggle Between the United Nations and South Africa. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. pp. 121–123. ISBN 978-0786465767.
^ abTaylor, Ian (2006). China and Africa: Engagement and Compromise. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge Books. pp. 153–158. ISBN 978-0415545525.
^Hughes, Geraint (2014). My Enemy's Enemy: Proxy Warfare in International Politics. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press. pp. 73–86. ISBN 978-1845196271.
^Schleicher, Hans-Georg; Schleicher, Ilona (1998). Special flights: the GDR and liberation movements in southern Africa. Harare: SAPES Books. p. 213. ISBN 978-1779050717.
^Bermudez, Joseph (1997). Terrorism, the North Korean connection. New York: Crane, Russak & Company. p. 124. ISBN 978-0844816104.
^ abcWilliams, Christian (October 2015). National Liberation in Postcolonial Southern Africa: A Historical Ethnography of SWAPO's Exile Camps. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 73–89. ISBN 978-1107099340.
^ abcHerbstein, Denis; Evenson, John (1989). The Devils Are Among Us: The War for Namibia. London: Zed Books Ltd. pp. 14–23. ISBN 978-0862328962.
^ abAbegunrin, Olayiwola (1997). Nigerian Foreign Policy Under Military Rule, 1966-1999. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. pp. 81, 93. ISBN 978-0275978815.
^Gebril, Mahmoud (1988). Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-0822985075.
^Lal, Priya (2015). African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania: Between the Village and the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 39–42. ISBN 978-1107104525.
^Beckett, Ian; Pimlott, John (2011). Counter-insurgency: Lessons from History. Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Books. pp. 204–219. ISBN 978-1848843967.
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Global Information
German Empire
South Africa
Namibia
