The Borgias, also known as the Borjas, were a European papal family of Spanish origin that became prominent during the Renaissance. The family produced three popes of the Catholic Church:
Pope Callixtus III (born Alfons de Borja; 1378–1458) – served as pope from 8 April 1455 until his death on 6 August 1458[1]
Pope Alexander VI (born Rodrigo Lanzol Borgia; 1431–1503) – served as pope from 11 August 1492 until his death on 18 August 1503; his maternal uncle was Pope Callixtus III[2]
Pope Innocent X[3] (born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili); 1574–1655) – served as pope from 15 September 1644 until his death on 7 January 1655; he was the great-great-great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, but his surname was not Borgia
^Strathern, Paul (2019). The Borgias: Power and Fortune. London: Atlantic Books. pp. 27–43. ISBN 9781786499646.
^Strathern, Paul (2019). The Borgias: Power and Fortune. London: Atlantic Books. pp. passim. ISBN 9781786499646.
^Strathern, Paul (2019). The Borgias: Power and Fortune. London: Atlantic Books. p. 341. ISBN 9781786499646.
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