This page lists properties of several commonly used piezoelectric materials.
Piezoelectric materials (PMs) can be broadly classified as either crystalline, ceramic, or polymeric.[1] The most commonly produced piezoelectric ceramics are lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, and lead titanate. Gallium nitride and zinc oxide can also be regarded as a ceramic due to their relatively wide band gaps. Semiconducting PMs offer features such as compatibility with integrated circuits and semiconductor devices. Inorganic ceramic PMs offer advantages over single crystals, including ease of fabrication into a variety of shapes and sizes not constrained crystallographic directions. Organic polymer PMs, such as PVDF, have low Young's modulus compared to inorganic PMs. Piezoelectric polymers (PVDF, 240 mV-m/N) possess higher piezoelectric stress constants (g33), an important parameter in sensors, than ceramics (PZT, 11 mV-m/N), which show that they can be better sensors than ceramics. Moreover, piezoelectric polymeric sensors and actuators, due to their processing flexibility, can be readily manufactured into large areas, and cut into a variety of shapes. In addition polymers also exhibit high strength, high impact resistance, low dielectric constant, low elastic stiffness, and low density, thereby a high voltage sensitivity which is a desirable characteristic along with low acoustic and mechanical impedance useful for medical and underwater applications.
Among PMs, PZT ceramics are popular as they have a high sensitivity, a high g33 value. They are however brittle. Furthermore, they show low Curie temperature, leading to constraints in terms of applications in harsh environmental conditions. However, promising is the integration of ceramic disks into industrial appliances moulded from plastic. This resulted in the development of PZT-polymer composites, and the feasible integration of functional PM composites on large scale, by simple thermal welding or by conforming processes. Several approaches towards lead-free ceramic PM have been reported, such as piezoelectric single crystals (langasite), and ferroelectric ceramics with a perovskite structure and bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF), which have been extensively researched. Also, several ferroelectrics with perovskite-structure (BaTiO3 [BT], (Bi1/2Na1/2) TiO3 [BNT], (Bi1/2K1/2) TiO3 [BKT], KNbO3 [KN], (K, Na) NbO3 [KNN]) have been investigated for their piezoelectric properties.
^Liu, Huicong; Zhong, Junwen; Lee, Chengkuo; Lee, Seung-Wuk; Lin, Liwei (December 2018). "A comprehensive review on piezoelectric energy harvesting technology: Materials, mechanisms, and applications". Applied Physics Reviews. 5 (4): 041306. Bibcode:2018ApPRv...5d1306L. doi:10.1063/1.5074184. ISSN 1931-9401. S2CID 117451095.
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This page lists properties of several commonly used piezoelectricmaterials. Piezoelectricmaterials (PMs) can be broadly classified as either crystalline...
further details. Listofpiezoelectricmaterials Table of properties for lead zirconate titanate Piezoelectric terminology Piezoelectric Constant (or coefficient);...
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A., Li M. (2015). "Bismuth Sodium Titanate Based Materials for Piezoelectric Actuators". Materials. 8 (12): 8467–8495. Bibcode:2015Mate....8.8467R. doi:10...
related piezoelectric effect occurs only in a particular class of dielectrics. Electrostriction applies to all crystal symmetries, while the piezoelectric effect...
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ones are listed here. Audio Loudspeaker – Electromagnetic or piezoelectric device to generate full audio Buzzer – Electromagnetic or piezoelectric sounder...
conducting materials. Its effect is based on electromagnetic mechanisms, which do not need direct coupling with the surface of the material. Due to this...
radiation). Photovoltaic effect — Production of a voltage by light exposure. Piezoelectric effect — Ability of certain crystals to generate a voltage in...
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triboelectricity. While it can be important, piezoelectricity only occurs in the small number ofmaterials which do not have inversion symmetry, so it...
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