List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq information
Turkish operations in Northern Iraq
Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
Date
1983–present
Location
Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Result
Ongoing
Belligerents
Turkey
Previous: KDP (1992, 1995, 1997)[1][2]
PUK (1992)[1][2]
PKK YBŞ PJAK[3]
Previous:
PUK (1997)[4]
Casualties and losses
400+ killed[5]
8,000+ killed 1,700 captured,[5]
6,800+ displaced[6]
v
t
e
Kurdish–Turkish conflict
Timeline
First insurgency
1984
Karageçit
N Iraq (1986)
Ortabağ
N Iraq (1987)
Pınarcık
Yeşilova
Taşdelen
Şırnak
Kulp
N Iraq (1992)
Bingöl
Başbağlar
Lice
Winter campaign
Steel
Tokat
Hawk
Tunceli
Varto
Sazak
Hammer
Dawn
Murat
Istanbul
Blue Market
Second insurgency
Hakkâri (2007)
N Iraq (2007)
Ankara
Aktütün
Diyarbakır
Sun
Reşadiye
İskenderun
Hakkâri
Istanbul
2011 border raid
Hakkâri (2011)
Roboski
Hakkâri (2012)
Beytüşşebap
Şemdinli
Third insurgency
Ceylanpınar
Siirt bombing
Martyr Yalçın
Police raids
Arslan Kulaksız
Şırnak
Cizre (2015)
Cizre (2016)
Kandil
Hakkari
Silvan
Sur
Lice
Dürümlü
2015 airport bombing
Ankara (Feb 2016)
Ankara (Mar 2016)
Bursa
Istanbul (Jun 2016)
Istanbul (Oct 2016)
Istanbul (Dec 2016)
N Iraq (2016)
Elazığ
Cizre
Euphrates Shield
Şemdinli
Kayseri
İzmir
Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq
Olive Branch
Siirt raid
Sinjar (2018)
Gercüş
Claw
Peace Spring
Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger
İskenderun
Claw-Eagle 2
Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt
Sinjar (2021)
Claw-Lock
Zakho
Istanbul (2022)
Claw-Sword
Syria (2023 June)
Ankara (2023)
Syria (2023 Oct)
Serhildan
1990
1991
1992
1999
2001
2005
2006
2008
2009
2011–2012
2014
Peace process and peace efforts
1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives
1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
2013–2015 Solution process
Others
Assassinations
v
t
e
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
May 1994 clashes
Zakho
1995 offensive
1996 Iranian raid
Erbil
Erbil massacre
Desert Strike
Hammer
Dawn
The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[7] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]
The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]
Date
Operation
TAF Fatalities (Wounded)
PKK Fatalities (Captured)
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992
Operation Northern Iraq
28 (125)
1,551 (1,232)
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995
Operation Steel
64 (185)
555 (13)
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997
Operation Hammer
114 (338)
2,730 (418)
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997
Operation Dawn
31 (91)
865 (37)
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008
Operation Sun
27[13][14][15]
240
25 April 2017
2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq
0
33
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020
Operation Claw
17[16]
417[17]
17 April 2022 – Present
Operation Claw Lock
83
995
Total:
282 (739)
6,417 (2,700)
^ abIraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths) Archived 2007-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, January 2005
^ abTurkey (1984–2002) Archived 2011-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, March 2003
^"Page 2" (PDF). Retrieved 29 May 2023.
^"The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
^ ab"Ve Sonuç". Hürriyet. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
^"Timeline Turkey 1962-2008". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
^"Irak'a yapılan en büyük kara harekatı". Archived from the original on 14 January 2015.
^"Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
^"Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops". BBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
^Yousif Ismael (18 May 2020). "Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq". Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
^Hermann, Rainer. "Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
^"Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security'". Bianet. 19 April 2022.
^"Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster…". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
^"38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News". Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
^"Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
^2 killed (30 May 2019),[1] 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),[2] 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),[3] 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),[4] 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),[5] 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),[6] 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),[7] 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),[8] 2 killed (25 March 2020),[9] 1 killed (15 April 2020),[10] total of 17 reported killed
^"New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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Global Information
PUK (1992)[1][2]
