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Iraqi Kurdish Civil War information


Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
Part of the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict and the Iraqi no-fly zones conflict

Military situation in Iraqi Kurdistan after the conflict
Date1 May 1994 – 24 November 1997[2]
Location
Iraqi Kurdistan (nominally northern Iraq)
Result

Washington Agreement

  • PKK moved to Qandil mountains from Bekaa Valley
Belligerents
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War KDP
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PDKI
Supported by:
Iraq Iraq (from 1995)
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Turkey (from 1997)
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Iran (before 1995)		 Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PUK
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PKK[1]
KCP
Iraqi National Congress
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War SCIRI
Supported by:
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Iran (from 1995)
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Syria
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War United States (1996)
Commanders and leaders
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Massoud Barzani
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Roj Shaweis		 Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Jalal Talabani
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Nawshirwan Mustafa
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Kosrat Rasul Ali
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Abdullah Öcalan
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Ibrahim Parlak
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Kani Yilmaz
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Cemil Bayik
Strength
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War KDP: 25,000 active, 30,000 reserves[3]
Iraq Iraq: 30,000 (1996)[4]
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PDKI: 600 (1998)[5]		 Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PUK: 13,500 active, 6,000 reserves[3]
INC: 1,000 (1995)[6]
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War PKK: 5,000–12,000 (1994)[7]
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Iran: 2,000 (1996)[8]
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War SCIRI: 5,000[9][better source needed]
Casualties and losses
5,000–8,000 killed[10][11]

The Iraqi Kurdish Civil War was a civil war that took place between rival Kurdish factions in Iraqi Kurdistan during the mid-1990s, mostly between the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan and the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Over the course of the conflict, Kurdish factions from Iran and Turkey, as well as Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish forces, were drawn into the fighting, with additional involvement from American forces. Between 35,000 and 40,000 fighters and civilians were killed.[10][11]

  1. ^ Gunter, Michael M. (1996). "The KDP-PUK Conflict in Northern Iraq" (PDF). Middle East Journal. 50 (2). Middle East Institute: 224–241. JSTOR 4328927.
  2. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Iraq". Refworld.
  3. ^ a b Willing to face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces – the Peshmerga – from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq (p. 63) Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Michael G. Lortz
  4. ^ "Persian Gulf War and Aftermath – History – Iraq". Countriesquest.com. 15 January 1991. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  5. ^ "Iraqi Insurgent Groups". Fox News. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  6. ^ "Events Leading Up to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq". Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  7. ^ John Pike. "Kurdistan – Turkey". Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  8. ^ "Unsafe Haven: Iranian Kurdish Refugees in Iraqi Kurdistan" (PDF). p. 1.
  9. ^ Gunter, Michael M. (March 1998). "Turkey and Iran Face off in Kurdistan :: Middle East Quarterly". Middle East Quarterly. Meforum.org. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
  10. ^ a b "Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs". Atimes.com. 20 February 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ a b Mohammed Ahmed, Iraqi Kurds and Nation-building (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)[ISBN missing][page needed]

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