Main article: List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history
The African Great Lakes kingdoms refers to the numerous historic kingdoms in the African Great Lakes region. These polities existed sometime between the eleventh and nineteenth centuries as independent kingdoms, and had similar and yet sometimes distinct cultures, values and traditions. The Great Lakes kingdoms were found in Southeast Africa and some parts of Central Africa, in what is present-day northwest Tanzania, south Uganda, some parts of Rwanda, Burundi and Eastern Congo.
Empire of Kitara/Bachwezi
Bunyoro
Buganda
Tekedi[1]
Padibe[2]
Patongo[2]
Alur/Alero
Koc[2]
Wipac[3]
Kitagwenda
Kayonza[4]
Kingizi[4]
Bugisu
Bukedi
Burundi
Busoga
Busongora[5]
Busigi[6]
Uvinza
Usangi
Gizaka [fr]
Igara
Nshenyi
Rujumbura
Kajara
Obwera
Rukiga/Bushengyera
Bugesera
Karagwe
Kimwani
Bashi
Bukunzi
Kinkoko/Cyinkoko[7]
Buhoma[7]
Bahavu[7][8]
Bukerebe/Ukerebe[9][10]
Kooki
Buzimba
Buhweju
Bunyaruguru
Ibanda[11]
Kyania
Lango
Mpororo/Ndorwa
Mubari
Nkore
Rusubi/Ussuwi[7][12][13]
Rwanda
Rwenzururu
Sebei
Teso
Tooro
Palwo kingdoms (subset of Luo):
Pawir Kingdom[2][14]
Lira Paluo[2]
Paimol[2]
Buha kingdoms:
Heru/Oha[15]
Nkalinzi/Manyovu[15]
Bushingo/Ushingo[15]
Muhambwe
Buyungu
Luguru/Ruguru
Ujiji/Bujiji[15]
Bushubi[2][16]
Buhaya:[17]
Kyamutwara
later Lesser Kyamtwara
Kiziba
Ihangiro
Kianja/Kihanja
Maruku
Bugabo
^Ogot, Bethwell Allan (1984). "The Great Lakes region". General History of Africa: Volume 4(PDF). UNESCO Publishing. p. 507.
^ abcdefgWebster, James; Chretien, Jean-Pierre (1992). "The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800". General History of Africa. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 381–393.
^Webster, James; Chretien, Jean-Pierre (1992). "The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800". General History of Africa. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 392–393.
^ abUzoigwe, Godfrey; Denoon, Donald (1975). "A History of Kigezi in South-West Uganda". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 8. Boston University African Studies Center. doi:10.2307/217613. JSTOR 217613.
^"Songora People and their Culture in Uganda". Archived from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 18 Feb 2024.
^Ogot, Bethwell Allan (1984). "The Great Lakes region". General History of Africa: Volume 4(PDF). UNESCO Publishing. p. 517.
^ abcdWebster, James; Chretien, Jean-Pierre (1992). "The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800". General History of Africa. UNESCO Publishing. p. 398.
^Huggins, Chris; Mastaki, Christol (2019). "The political economy of land law and policy reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo: an institutional bricolage approach". The Canadian Journal of Development Studies. 41 (2). University of Toronto Press: 260–278. doi:10.1080/02255189.2019.1683519. S2CID 211315785.
^Webster, James; Chretien, Jean-Pierre (1992). "The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800". General History of Africa. UNESCO Publishing. pp. 398–402.
^Medard, Henri; Doyle, Shane (16 November 2007). Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa. Longhouse Publishing Services. ISBN 978-0-8214-4574-7.
^"Other Traditional States in Uganda". Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
^Katoke, Israel (1970). "The country". The Making of the Karagwe Kingdom(PDF). East African Publishing House.
^Webster, James; Chretien, Jean-Pierre (1992). "The Great Lakes region: 1500-1800". General History of Africa. UNESCO Publishing. p. 402.
^Ogot, Bethwell Allan (1984). "The Great Lakes region". General History of Africa: Volume 4(PDF). UNESCO Publishing. pp. 508–512.
^ abcdScherer, J.H. (1959). "The Ha of Tanganyika". Anthropos. 54 (5). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH: 841–904. JSTOR 40453639. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
^McMaster, Mary (2005). "Language Shift and its Reflection in African Archaeology: Cord rouletting in the Uele and Interlacustrine regions". Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa. 40 (1): 49. doi:10.1080/00672700509480413.
^Weiss, Brad (1996). The Making and Unmaking of the Haya Lived World. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1722-2. Archived from the original on 2024-02-27. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
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