Elucidating chemical bonds and molecular structures
Geometrical frustration
Hybridisation theory
Hydrogen bonding
Ice-type model
Linear combination of atomic orbitals
Molecular clock
Molecular medicine
Non-carbon nanotube
Orbital overlap
Pauling equation
Pauling's rules
Pauling–Corey–Branson alpha helix
Pauling's principle of electroneutrality
Quantum chemistry
Quantum graph
Residual entropy
Resonance (chemistry)
Slater–Pauling rule
Space-filling model
Valence bond theory
Vitamin C megadosage
Xenic acid
Advocating nuclear disarmament
Spouse
Ava Helen Miller
(m. 1923; died 1981)
Children
4
Awards
ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (1931)
Irving Langmuir Award (1931)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1933)
Davy Medal (1947)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954)
Nobel Peace Prize (1962)
Roebling Medal (1967)
Lenin Peace Prize (1968–1969)
National Medal of Science (1974)
Lomonosov Gold Medal (1977)
NAS Award in Chemical Sciences (1979)
Priestley Medal (1984)
Vannevar Bush Award (1989)
Scientific career
Fields
Quantum chemistry
Biochemistry
Institutions
As faculty member
Caltech (1927–1963)
UC San Diego (1967–1969)
Stanford (1969–1975)
As fellow
Cornell University (1937–1938)
University of Oxford (1948)
Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1963–1967)
Thesis
The Determination with X-Rays of the Structures of Crystals(1925[3])
Doctoral advisor
Roscoe Dickinson
Richard Tolman[1]
Other academic advisors
Arnold Sommerfeld
Niels Bohr[2]
Doctoral students
Jerry Donohue
Harvey Itano
Barclay Kamb
Martin Karplus
Leonard Lerman
William Lipscomb[1]
Matthew Meselson
Kurt Mislow
Arthur Pardee
Robert E. Rundle
Edgar Bright Wilson
Other notable students
Undergrads:
Edwin McMillan
Post-docs:
Charles D. Coryell
Jack D. Dunitz
Sidney W. Fox
Walter Gordy
Edgar Heilbronner
Jan Ketelaar
Hans Kuhn
Leslie Orgel
Alexander Rich
Seymour Jonathan Singer
Signature
Notes
The only person to win two unshared Nobel Prizes.
Linus Carl PaulingFRS (/ˈpɔːlɪŋ/PAW-ling; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994)[4] was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist, author, and educator. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics.[5]New Scientist called him one of the 20 greatest scientists of all time.[6] For his scientific work, Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. For his peace activism, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. He is one of five people to have won more than one Nobel Prize (the others being Marie Curie, John Bardeen, Frederick Sanger, and Karl Barry Sharpless).[7] Of these, he is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes,[8] and one of two people to be awarded Nobel Prizes in different fields, the other being Marie Curie.[7]
Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology.[9] His contributions to the theory of the chemical bond include the concept of orbital hybridisation and the first accurate scale of electronegativities of the elements. Pauling also worked on the structures of biological molecules, and showed the importance of the alpha helix and beta sheet in protein secondary structure. Pauling's approach combined methods and results from X-ray crystallography, molecular model building, and quantum chemistry. His discoveries inspired the work of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins on the structure of DNA, which in turn made it possible for geneticists to crack the DNA code of all organisms.[10]
In his later years, he promoted nuclear disarmament, as well as orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy,[11] and dietary supplements, especially ascorbic acid (commonly known as Vitamin C). None of his ideas concerning the medical usefulness of large doses of vitamins have gained much acceptance in the mainstream scientific community.[6][12] He was married to the American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.
^ abLinus Pauling at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
^"A Guggenheim Fellow in Europe during the Golden Years of Physics (1926–1927)". Oregon State University. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
^———— (1925). The determination with x-rays of the structures of crystals (PhD thesis). California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/F7V6-4P98. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^"Linus Pauling: Facts". Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 2022-04-04. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^———— (1997). Pauling, Linus Jr. (ed.). Selected papers of Linus Pauling (Volume I ed.). River Edge, New Jersey: World Scientific. p. xvii. ISBN 978-981-02-2939-9.
^ abHorgan, J (1993). "Profile: Linus C. Pauling – Stubbornly Ahead of His Time". Scientific American. Vol. 266, no. 3. pp. 36–40. Bibcode:1993SciAm.266c..36H. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0393-36.
^ abLinus Pauling on Nobelprize.org , accessed 30 April 2020
^"Nobel Prize Facts". Nobel Prize. 2022-04-12 [2009-10-05]. Archived from the original on 2017-01-11. Retrieved 2022-04-13.
^Gribbin, John (2004). The Scientists: A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. New York City: Random House. pp. 558–569. ISBN 978-0-8129-6788-3. OL 8020832M.
^Stone, Irwin (1982). The healing factor: "vitamin C" against disease. New York: Perigee Books. ISBN 978-0-399-50764-9. OCLC 10169988. OL 9567597M – via Internet Archive.
^Offit, Paul (2013-07-19). "The Vitamin Myth: Why We Think We Need Supplements". The Atlantic. ISSN 2151-9463. OCLC 936540106. Retrieved 2013-07-19.
Linus Carl Pauling FRS (/ˈpɔːlɪŋ/ PAW-ling; February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, chemical engineer, peace activist...
Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing her husband, LinusPauling, to the field...
is that originally proposed by LinusPauling. This gives a dimensionless quantity, commonly referred to as the Pauling scale (χr), on a relative scale...
The LinusPauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of...
extrasensory perception, paranormal activity, dowsing, and ghosts. LinusPauling won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on chemical bonds...
The LinusPauling Quartet was an American psychedelic rock group which specializes in a specific subgenre known as "Texas Psych", but frequently dabbles...
The LinusPauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland...
the founders of the field of molecular evolution. He introduced, with LinusPauling, the concept of the "molecular clock", which enabled the neutral theory...
American Hall of Fame jockey DJ Linus (born 1957), Italian deejay Linus Omark (born 1987), Swedish hockey player LinusPauling (1901–1994), American chemist...
co-founder, along with LinusPauling and Keene Dimick, of the Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine, later renamed the LinusPauling Institute in 1973. Robinson...
Institute LinusPauling Library LinusPauling Award Pauling Field Ava Helen Pauling, wife of Linus Lowman Pauling Tom Pauling Will Pauling, American football...
advocates of vitamin C megadosage include LinusPauling, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. Pauling argued that because humans lack a functional...
LinusPauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023. "Vitamins". Corvallis, OR: Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling...
in their own right. Three of Sommerfeld's postdoctoral supervisees, LinusPauling, Isidor I. Rabi and Max von Laue, won Nobel Prizes, and ten others,...
β-strand (Astbury's nomenclature was kept), which were developed by LinusPauling, Robert Corey and Herman Branson in 1951 (see below); that paper showed...
Linus Benedict Torvalds (/ˈliːnəs ˈtɔːrvɔːldz/ LEE-nəs TOR-vawldz, Finland Swedish: [ˈliːnʉs ˈtuːrvɑlds] ; born 28 December 1969) is a Finnish-American...
were competing against LinusPauling. Given Pauling's recent success in discovering the Alpha helix, they feared that Pauling might also be the first...
Technology. He completed his PhD in 1953 under Nobel laureate LinusPauling. According to Pauling, Karplus "was [his] most brilliant student." He was an NSF...
in Ontario, Canada. The structure of sodalite was first studied by LinusPauling in 1930. It is a cubic mineral of space group P43n (space group 218)...
balancing these substances as an integral part of health. American chemist LinusPauling coined the term "orthomolecular" in the 1960s to mean "the right molecules...
mutated form of the l-gulonolactone oxidase coding gene. Stone introduced LinusPauling to the theory that humans needed to consume vitamin C in quantities...
ISBN 9780203483756. "Phytochemicals". Micronutrient Information Center, LinusPauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 2017. Retrieved...
biochemist, LinusPauling, was pivotal in the re-emergence of intravenous ascorbic acid research. Over the course of the 1970s, Pauling would begin a...
1956) is an American chemical engineer and Nobel Laureate. She is the LinusPauling Professor of Chemical Engineering, Bioengineering and Biochemistry at...
semi-conservative DNA replication. After completing his Ph.D. under LinusPauling at the California Institute of Technology, Meselson became a Professor...
Global Information
