Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) is a beta-defensin found in bovine internal epithelial tissue, in particular, that of the digestive tract.[1] It has antimicrobial activity against many different pathogens. It was first isolated from an inflamed cattle tongue, hence its designation as lingual.[2] Since then it has been found more extensively throughout the body;[3] its presence has even been detected in bovine milk.[4] Its expression is selective and increases in inflamed areas. LAP may have a closer relationship with immune response than simple antimicrobial activity, such as an association with growth factor activity.[5]
^Huttner KM, Brezinski-Caliguri DJ, Mahoney MM, Diamond G (February 1998). "Antimicrobial peptide expression is developmentally regulated in the ovine gastrointestinal tract". The Journal of Nutrition. 128 (2 Suppl): 297S–299S. doi:10.1093/jn/128.2.297s. PMID 9478010.
^Schonwetter BS, Stolzenberg ED, Zasloff MA (March 1995). "Epithelial antibiotics induced at sites of inflammation". Science. 267 (5204): 1645–8. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1645S. doi:10.1126/science.7886453. PMID 7886453. S2CID 85415552.
^Stolzenberg ED, Anderson GM, Ackermann MR, Whitlock RH, Zasloff M (August 1997). "Epithelial antibiotic induced in states of disease". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (16): 8686–90. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.8686S. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.16.8686. PMC 23078. PMID 9238038.
^Isobe N, Nakamura J, Nakano H, Yoshimura Y (June 2009). "Existence of functional lingual antimicrobial peptide in bovine milk". Journal of Dairy Science. 92 (6): 2691–5. doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1940. PMID 19448002.
^Mak P, Wójcik K, Thogersen IB, Dubin A (November 1996). "Isolation, antimicrobial activities, and primary structures of hamster neutrophil defensins". Infection and Immunity. 64 (11): 4444–9. doi:10.1128/IAI.64.11.4444-4449.1996. PMC 174396. PMID 8890190.
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