Beta defensins are a family of vertebrate defensins. The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbial colonization.
Defensins are 2-6 kDa, cationic, microbicidal peptides active against many Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses,[1] containing three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds. On the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta categories. Every mammalian species explored thus far has beta-defensins. In cows, as many as 13 beta-defensins exist in neutrophils. However, in other species, beta-defensins are more often produced by epithelial cells lining various organs (e.g. the epidermis, bronchial tree and genitourinary tract).
Human, rabbit and guinea-pig beta-defensins, as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation of mast cells, resulting in the release of histamine and prostaglandin D2.[2]
^White SH, Wimley WC, Selsted ME (August 1995). "Structure, function, and membrane integration of defensins". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 5 (4): 521–7. doi:10.1016/0959-440X(95)80038-7. PMID 8528769.
^Bensch KW, Raida M, Mägert HJ, Schulz-Knappe P, Forssmann WG (July 1995). "hBD-1: a novel beta-defensin from human plasma". FEBS Lett. 368 (2): 331–5. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)00687-5. PMID 7628632. S2CID 84766207.
Betadefensins are a family of vertebrate defensins. The betadefensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces...
antimicrobial activity. Theta defensins form a single beta-hairpin structure and represent a distinct group. Only alpha and beta-defensins are expressed in humans...
Beta-defensin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB1 gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils...
Plant defensins (formerly gamma-thionins) are a family of primitive, highly stable, cysteine-rich defensins found in plants that function to defend them...
Beta-defensin 126 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB126 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in...
Arthropod defensins are a family defensin proteins found in mollusks, insects, and arachnids. These cysteine-rich antibacterial peptides are primarily...
-1 beta (IL-1β). SeV is a very effective stimulant of expression of human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1). This protein is a member of the beta-defensin family...
Beta-defensin 106 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB106A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils...
It was discovered that a gene mutation responsible for the protein beta-defensin 3, known as the K locus, is responsible for the black coat colour in...
Beta-defensin 104 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB104A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils...
it was discovered that a gene mutation responsible for the protein beta-defensin 3 is responsible for the black coat color in dogs. The same mutation...
aurein, and others) birds (e.g. avian defensins) and mammals (e.g. cathelicidins, alpha- and beta-defensins, regIII peptides) Research has increased...
Beta-defensin 129 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB129 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in...
Beta-defensin 103 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB103A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils...
Beta-defensin 127 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB127 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in...
pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta categories. Alpha-defensins, which have been identified in humans...
Beta-defensin 105 is a protein that is encoded by the DEFB105A gene in humans. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils...
Moens U, McCray PB, Stenfors LE, Seljfelid R (September 1999). "Human beta-defensin-1 mRNA is transcribed in tympanic membrane and adjacent auditory canal...
Beta-defensin 118 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB118 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131068 – Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed...
Beta-defensin 119 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB119 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180483 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...
The project took samples from 38 different breeds to find the gene (a betadefensin gene) responsible for dog coat color. One version produces yellow dogs...
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes three different...
activated the epithelial cells in culture to produce beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and betadefensins 4 (hBD4). These findings suggest that TFF can activate...
θ-defensins are extremely divergent members of the defensin protein superfamily which includes alpha-, beta- and big-defensins. The θ-defensins appear...
The project took samples from 38 different breeds to find the gene (a betadefensin gene) responsible for dog coat color. One version produces yellow dogs...
highly expressed in basal cells. Other innate immune mediators include beta-defensin 2, and lipocalin-2; pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukins IL6, and...
domain that is located in 1 of these beta strands. Some proteins can create transmembrane beta barrels when a beta sheet curls on itself to make a tube...
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