Language used to facilitate communication between groups without a common native language
For other uses, see Lingua franca (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with French language.
A lingua franca (/ˌlɪŋɡwəˈfræŋkə/; lit.'Frankish tongue'; for plurals see § Usage notes),[1] also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.[2]
Lingua francas have developed around the world throughout all of human history, sometimes for commercial reasons (so-called "trade languages" facilitated trade), but also for cultural, religious, diplomatic and administrative convenience, and as a means of exchanging information between scientists and other scholars of different nationalities.[3][4] The term is taken from the medieval Mediterranean Lingua Franca, a Romance-based pidgin language used especially by traders in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th centuries.[5] A world language—a language spoken internationally and by many people—is a language that may function as a global lingua franca. [citation needed]
^"lingua franca – definition of lingua franca in English from the Oxford dictionary". Oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
^Viacheslav A. Chirikba, "The problem of the Caucasian Sprachbund" in Pieter Muysken, ed., From Linguistic Areas to Areal Linguistics, 2008, p. 31. ISBN 90-272-3100-1
^Nye, Mary Jo (2016). "Speaking in Tongues: Science's centuries-long hunt for a common language". Distillations. 2 (1): 40–43. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
^Gordin, Michael D. (2015). Scientific Babel: How Science Was Done Before and After Global English. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226000299.
^Italian-Based Pidgins and Lingua Franca. Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications. Vol. 14. 1975. pp. 70–72 – via JSTOR.
A linguafranca (/ˌlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/; lit. 'Frankish tongue'; for plurals see § Usage notes), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language...
The Mediterranean LinguaFranca, or Sabir, was a contact language, or languages, that were used as a linguafranca in the Mediterranean Basin from the...
English as a linguafranca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any...
LinguaFranca Nova (pronounced [ˈliŋgwa ˈfraŋka ˈnova]), abbreviated as LFN and known colloquially as Elefen, is an auxiliary constructed language originally...
Italian is the main working language of the Holy See, serving as the linguafranca (common language) in the Roman Catholic hierarchy as well as the official...
and the Americas. By the mid-16th century, Portuguese had become a linguafranca in Asia and Africa, used not only for colonial administration and trade...
regional linguafrancas, foreign and additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a linguafranca, and sign...
LinguaFranca Core (LFC) is a selection of pronunciation features of the English language recommended as a basis in teaching of English as a lingua franca...
language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the national language and linguafranca of Pakistan, where it is also an official language alongside English...
that indicate the languages were not mutually intelligible and that a linguafranca was necessary for communication after resettlement on Flinders' Island...
language spoken in Deccan, Northern India and Pakistan, and used as a linguafranca in both countries. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard...
weeks after its publication in May 1996, Sokal revealed in the magazine LinguaFranca that the article was a hoax. The hoax caused controversy about the scholarly...
States. She directed the films Señorita (2011), Aparisyon (2012) and LinguaFranca (2019). She also directed a short film called Shangri-La (2021) as part...
Quechua that was used as a linguafranca and administrative language in the Inca Empire (1438–1533) (henceforward Inca linguafranca). Since the Incas did...
is designated the bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("unifying language" or linguafranca) whereas the term "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) is domestically restricted...
progress. More recently, there have been proposals for English as a linguafranca (ELF) in which non-native speakers take a highly active role in the...
communities appear to have been using English as something more than a linguafranca by the end of the 13th century.[citation needed] English appeared in...
linguist Salikoko Mufwene is "languages spoken as vernaculars or as linguafrancas outside their homelands and by populations other than those ethnically...
language, such as national, literary, liturgical or scientific idiom, or a linguafranca, used to facilitate communication across a large area. As a border case...
language. The concept is related to but separate from the idea of a linguafranca (or dominant language) that people must use to communicate. The study...
international and regional organisations. It has also become the de facto linguafranca language of diplomacy, science, technology, international trade, logistics...
language cluster comprising 30 or so modern varieties. Arabic is the linguafranca of people who live in countries of the Arab world as well as of Arabs...