Limacina helicina var. typica Meisenheimer, 1906[5]
Spiratella planospira Rehder, 1942
Limacina helicina is a species of small swimming planktonic sea snail in the family Limacinidae, which belong to the group commonly known as sea butterflies (Thecosomata).[7][8]
Limacina helicina is a keystone species of mesozooplankton in Arctic pelagic ecosystems.[9][10][11]
The first written record of this species was by Friderich Martens from Spitsbergen in 1675.[12][13]Limacina helicina was also observed during a 1773 expedition to the Arctic led by Constantine John Phipps on the ships HMS Racehorse and on HMS Carcass and the species was described one year later, in 1774.[1]
Limacina helicina is the type species of the genus Limacina.[14]
In contrast to the traditional view, it was shown in 2010 that the distribution of this species is not bipolar; Arctic and Antarctic individuals belong to two genetically distinct species: Limacina helicina in the Arctic, and Limacina antarctica in the Antarctic.[11][15]
^ abPhipps C. J. (1774). A Voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by His Majesty's Command 1773. J. Nourse, London, viii + 253 pp. Page 195.
^(in Latin) Fabricius O. (1780). Fauna Groenlandica systematice sistens animalis Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata. Hafniae et Lipsiae. J. G. Rothe pp. XVI + 452 + 1 pl. Page 386-388.
^(in French) Lamarck J.-B. (1819). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Paris. Volume 6. page 291.
^(in French) de Blainville H. M. D. (1824). In: Cuvier F. (ed.). (1804-1845). Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature. Levrault, Strasbourg & Paris, and Le Normant, Paris, 32: page 284.
^(in German) Meisenheimer J. (1906). Die Pteropoden der deutschen Sud-polar Expedition 1901-1903. In: Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. 9 (Zool.), 1(2): 92-152, pl. 5-7. page 96-98. Plate 5, figure 1 a-b, 3.
^"Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)". CLEMAM, accessed 29 January 2011.
^Bouchet P. & Gofas S. (2011). Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140223 on 2011-02-07
^Cite error: The named reference Gannefors 2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Sato-Okoshi 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Comeau 2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Comeau 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^(in German) Martens F. (1675). Spitzbergische oder Groenlandische Reise Beschreibung gethan im Jahr 1671. Schultzen, Hamburg. page 110
^Cite error: The named reference Gilmer 1991 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Janssen A. W. (2007). "Holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea, Janthinoidea, Thecosomata and Gymnosomata) from the Pliocene of Pangasinan (Luzon, Philippines)". Scripta Geologica137 http://www.scriptageologica.nl/07/nr135/a02 Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
^Cite error: The named reference Hunt 2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Limacinahelicina is a species of small swimming planktonic sea snail in the family Limacinidae, which belong to the group commonly known as sea butterflies...
United States to see ocean acidification's effects on pteropods. Limacinahelicina was used to test the sensitivity to decreasing pH. This species of...
insects, small birds, and sea butterflies such as hummingbirds and Limacinahelicina. It is not yet clear whether the sea angel uses its swimming appendages...
The clap and fling mechanism is also employed by the marine mollusc Limacinahelicina, a sea butterfly. Some insects, such as the vegetable leaf miner Liriomyza...
the 11th day. Paedoclione doliiformis feeds exclusively on Limacinahelicina and on Limacina retroversa, but solely on juveniles with shells smaller than...
1861) (recent) H. inflatus (d'Orbigny, 1836) - type species of the genus = Limacina inflata (d'Orbigny, 1836) † H. linneensis Janssen, 2008 † H. mercinensis...
of Okhotsk. It is a specialized predator of Limacinahelicina, a species of sea snail. Like C. limacina, it utilizes chitinous hooks to secure its prey...
elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacinahelicina : mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth" (PDF). Report. Biogeosciences...
"Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in phytoplankton, a herbivorous pteropod (Limacinahelicina), and its pteropod predator (Clione antarctica) in McMurdo Bay, Antarctica"...
elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacinahelicina: mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth". Biogeosciences....
elevated temperatures on early juveniles of the polar shelled pteropod Limacinahelicina : mortality, shell degradation, and shell growth" (PDF). Report. Biogeosciences...
exceptions to this being E. glacialis and the predatory swimming snail Limacinahelicina. The depth of the seabed in the study area of the Canada Basin was...
south in McMurdo Sound, apart from higher densities of the pteropod Limacinahelicina. The density of zooplankton was low, and dominated by small copepods...
contents show that they feed on species such as Calanoides acutus, Limacinahelicina, Calanus propinquus, metridia gerlachi, and larval/juvenile Euphausia...
taxonomy of gastropods since 2005. from Basteria: Limacina asiatica (Janssen in Janssen et al., 2011) Limacina dzheroiensis (Janssen in Janssen et al., 2011)...
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