Bagasse, the lignin-rich component of sugarcane, is a form of lignocellulosic biomass. Its combustion helps to power the sugar mill. In this photograph, the bagasse is under the blue plastic. Location:Proserpine, Queensland.
Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosic biomass. It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth for the production of biofuels.[1] It is composed of two kinds of carbohydrate polymers, cellulose and hemicellulose, and an aromatic-rich polymer called lignin.[1] Any biomass rich in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin are commonly referred to as lignocellulosic biomass.[2] Each component has a distinct chemical behavior. Being a composite of three very different components makes the processing of lignocellulose challenging. The evolved resistance to degradation or even separation is referred to as recalcitrance. Overcoming this recalcitrance to produce useful, high value products requires a combination of heat, chemicals, enzymes, and microorganisms.[3][4][5][6] These carbohydrate-containing polymers contain different sugar monomers (six and five carbon sugars) and they are covalently bound to lignin.
Lignocellulosic biomass can be broadly classified as virgin biomass, waste biomass, and energy crops. Virgin biomass includes plants. Waste biomass is produced as a low value byproduct of various industrial sectors such as agriculture (corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, straw etc.) and forestry (saw mill and paper mill discards). Energy crops are crops with a high yield of lignocellulosic biomass produced as a raw material for the production of second-generation biofuel; examples include switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and elephant grass. The biofuels generated from these energy crops are sources of sustainable energy.[7][8]
^ abWyman, Charles E.; Dale, Bruce E.; Elander, Richard T.; Holtzapple, Mark; Ladisch, Michael R.; Lee, Y. Y. (2005-12-01). "Coordinated development of leading biomass pretreatment technologies". Bioresource Technology. 96 (18): 1959–1966. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.010. ISSN 0960-8524. PMID 16112483.
^Zhou, Chun-Hui; Xia, Xi; Lin, Chun-Xiang; Tong, Dong-Shen; Beltramini, Jorge (2011-10-17). "Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fine chemicals and fuels". Chemical Society Reviews. 40 (11): 5588–5617. doi:10.1039/C1CS15124J. ISSN 1460-4744. PMID 21863197.
^Y. Sun, J. Cheng (2002). "Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials for Ethanol Production: a Review". Bioresour. Technol. 83 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00212-7. PMID 12058826.
^E. Palmqvist; B. Hahn-Hagerdal (2000). "Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates. II: inhibitors and Mechanisms of Inhibition". Bioresour. Technol. 74: 25-33. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00161-3.
^P. Alvira; E. Tomas-Pejo; M. Ballesteros; M. J. Negro (2010). "Pretreatment Technologies for an Efficient Bioethanol Production Process Based on Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Review". Bioresour. Technol. 101 (13): 4851–4861. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.093. PMID 20042329.
^D. M. Alonso; J. Q. Bond; J. A. Dumesic (2010). "Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels". Green Chem. 12 (9): 1493-1513. doi:10.1039/c004654j.
^Güleç, Fatih; Parthiban, Anburajan; Umenweke, Great C.; Musa, Umaru; Williams, Orla; Mortezaei, Yasna; Suk‐Oh, Hyun; Lester, Edward; Ogbaga, Chukwuma C.; Gunes, Burcu; Okolie, Jude A. (12 October 2023). "Progress in lignocellulosic biomass valorization for biofuels and value‐added chemical production in the EU : A focus on thermochemical conversion processes". Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. doi:10.1002/bbb.2544.
^Saladini, Fabrizio; Patrizi, Nicoletta; Pulselli, Federico M.; Marchettini, Nadia; Bastianoni, Simone (December 2016). "Guidelines for emergy evaluation of first, second and third generation biofuels". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 66: 221–227. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.073.
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Lignocellulose refers to plant dry matter (biomass), so called lignocellulosicbiomass. It is the most abundantly available raw material on the Earth...
is no commercially viable bio-refinery in existence to convert lignocellulosicbiomass to fuel. Absence of production of cellulosic ethanol in the quantities...
solution to aid in the liquefaction and delignification of plant lignocellulosicbiomass for production of renewable platform chemicals and sugars as potential...
use of second-generation biofuels increases the competition for lignocellulosicbiomass, increasing the cost of these biofuels. Third generation biofuels...
and potassium. There are numerous papers on the pyrolysis of lignocellulosicbiomass. However, very few reports are available for algal bio-oil production...
demonstrated the photocatalytic production of hydrogen using raw lignocellulosicbiomass substrates in the presence of visible-light responsive CdS|CdOx...
renewable sources: past, present and future—part 1: vegetable oils and lignocellulosicbiomass". Journal of Coatings Technology and Research. 19 (1): 201–222...
symmetry. Industrial production starts with lignocellulosicbiomass from which xylan is extracted; raw biomass materials include hardwoods, softwoods, and...
country's palm oil industry produces about 90 million tonnes of lignocellulosicbiomass, including empty fruit bunches, oil palm trunks, and oil palm fronds...
the dehydration of sugars, as occurs during the conversion of lignocellulosicbiomass to smaller, higher value organic compounds such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural...
bond. During the acetyl bromide method of extracting lignin from lignocellulosicbiomass, hydroxylammonium chloride can be used to remove bromine and polybromide...
second generation biofuel (BioDME), which can be produced from lignocellulosicbiomass. The EU is considering BioDME in its potential biofuel mix in 2030;...
furfural production as a renewable fuel and chemical platform from lignocellulosicbiomass". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 89 (1): 2–10...
renewable sources: past, present and future—part 1: vegetable oils and lignocellulosicbiomass". Journal of Coatings Technology and Research. 19 (1): 201–222...
(2013). "Synthesis and utilisation of sugar compounds derived from lignocellulosicbiomass". Green Chemistry. 15 (7): 1740. doi:10.1039/C3GC00060E. ISSN 1463-9262...
pharmaceutical industries. It is able to metabolize all major components of lignocellulosicbiomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and is a potential host...
the use of a solar reactor. Alder Fuels is proposing to convert lignocellulosicbiomass (a common type of waste from forestry and agriculture) into a hydrocarbon-rich...
starch, and lignocellulosicbiomass. Since the prices of the raw materials are very volatile and can easily change, lignocellulosicbiomass has been extensively...
species to be utilized as an effective biological pretreatment for lignocellulosicbiomass. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is commonly found in milk products...
obtained from pentosans obtained from hemicellulose present in lignocellulosicbiomass. Between 3% and 10% of the mass of crop residue feedstocks can...
chemmater.6b00580. OSTI 1865816. Wymer CE (1994). "Ethanol from lignocellulosicbiomass: Technology, economics, and opportunities". Bioresource Technology...
review on alkaline pretreatment technology for bioconversion of lignocellulosicbiomass". Bioresource Technology. 199: 42–48. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015...
derived from water and cellulose, specifically polymeric lignocellulosic fibres from industrial biomass into a structural material suitable for various applications...
PMID 18571355. Kumar R, Singh S, Singh OV (May 2008). "Bioconversion of lignocellulosicbiomass: biochemical and molecular perspectives". Journal of Industrial...
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