Temporal range: Earliest Triassic - Holocene,[1]252–0 Ma
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Skull of Sophineta cracoviensis
Collage of five lepidosaurs. From top left to right: Sphenodon punctatus, Dendroaspis polylepis, Iguana iguana, Smaug breyeri and Malayopython reticulatus.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Clade:
Sauria
Clade:
Lepidosauromorpha Benton, 1983
Subgroups
see text.
Synonyms
Ankylopoda (obsolete clade)
Pan-Lepidosauria Gauthier & de Queiroz, 2020
Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as Pan-Lepidosauria[2][3]) is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which include crocodiles and birds). The only living sub-group is the Lepidosauria, which contains two subdivisions, Squamata, which contains lizards and snakes, and Rhynchocephalia, the only extant species of which is the tuatara.
Lepidosauromorphs are distinguishable from archosauromorphs (reptiles closer to archosaurs) by their primitive sprawling gait (allowing for the same sinusoidal trunk and tail movement seen in fish), the sliding "joint" between the coracoids and the sternum (for a longer stride), and their pleurodont dentition. In contrast, Archosauromorphs possess a parasagittal gait, a reduction in their dermal girdle, a reduction and/or loss of the sternum, and a more thecodont dentition. Living lepidosauromorphs have retained an ectothermic ("cold blooded") metabolism, unlike the ancestral condition in archosauromorphs.
While some putative stem-lepidosauromorphs like Palaeagama are known from the Late Permian, the oldest definitive lepidosauromorphs, Sophineta and Paliguana, are known from the Early Triassic.[4][5]Taytalura from the early Late Triassic of Argentina is the most complete fossil of an early lepidosauromorph and is one of the few fossils robustly inferred as an early evolving lepidosauromorph.[6] The Kuehneosauridae, a family of reptiles with elongated ribs which allowed them to glide akin to living gliding lizards have been historically typically considered early lepidosauromorphs. However, several recent studies have been found them in other positions within Sauria, including Archosauromorpha.[7] Almost all non-lepidosaurian lepidosauromorphs became extinct by the end of the Triassic, the with the latest non lepidosaur-lepidosauromorphs being Marmoretta from the Middle Jurassic of Britain and an indeterminate form from the Middle Jurassic Moskvoretskaya Formation of Russia, which appear to be closely related to Fraxinisaura from the Middle Triassic of Germany.[5][8][9] Other studies have recovered Marmoretta as a stem-squamate.[10]
^Jones, M. E.; Anderson, C.; Hipsley, C. A.; Müller, J.; Evans, S. E.; Schoch, R. R. (2013). "Integration of molecules and new fossils supports a Triassic origin for Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, and tuatara)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13: 208. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-208. PMC 4016551. PMID 24063680.
^de Queiroz, K.; Cantino, P. D.; Gauthier, J. A., eds. (2020). "Pan-Lepidosauria J. A. Gauthier and K. de Queiroz, new clade name". Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 1075–1078. ISBN 978-1-138-33293-5.
^"Pan-Lepidosauria". RegNum.
^Susan E. Evans and Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka (2009). "A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland" (PDF). Paleontologica Polonica. 65: 179–202.
^ abFord, David P.; Evans, Susan E.; Choiniere, Jonah N.; Fernandez, Vincent; Benson, Roger B. J. (2021-08-25). "A reassessment of the enigmatic diapsid Paliguana whitei and the early history of Lepidosauromorpha". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 288 (1957): 20211084. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.1084. PMC 8385343. PMID 34428965.
^Queiroz, Kevin de; Cantino, Philip D.; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2020-04-30), de Queiroz, Kevin; Cantino, Philip; Gauthier, Jacques (eds.), "Pan-Lepidosauria J. A. Gauthier and K. de Queiroz, new clade name", Phylonyms (1 ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 1075–1078, doi:10.1201/9780429446276-255, ISBN 978-0-429-44627-6, S2CID 219018618, retrieved 2021-08-22
^Skutschas, Pavel P.; Sennikov, Andrey G.; Syromyatnikova, Elena V.; Vitenko, Dmitriy D.; Parakhin, Igor A.; Bapinaev, Roman A.; Evans, Susan E. (2021-06-09). "A lepidosauromorph specimen from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Moskvoretskaya Formation of the Moscow Region, Russia". Historical Biology. 34 (3): 566–570. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1935921. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 236282947.
^Griffiths, E.; Ford, D. P.; Benson, R.; Evans, S. E. (2021). "New information on the Jurassic lepidosauromorph Marmoretta oxoniensis". Palaeontology. ISSN 0031-0239.
^Simōes, Tiago R.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Talanda, Mateusz; Bernardi, Massimo; Palci, Alessandro; Vernygora, Oksana; Bernardini, Federico; Mancini, Lucia; Nydam, Randall L. (30 May 2018). "The origin of squamates revealed by a Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps". Nature. 557 (7707): 706–709. Bibcode:2018Natur.557..706S. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0093-3. PMID 29849156. S2CID 44108416.
Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as Pan-Lepidosauria) is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which...
encompassed by Lepidosauromorpha, a broader group defined as all reptiles (living or extinct) closer to lepidosaurs than to archosaurs. Lepidosauromorpha is thought...
doi:10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00019.x. ISSN 1096-3642. Unit 220: 100: Lepidosauromorpha. Palaeos. July 15, 2003. Retrieved January 19, 2004. A review of the...
In human anatomy of the arm, the capitulum of the humerus is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus...
resulted in turtles being close relatives of sauropterygians within Lepidosauromorpha. The anapsid hypothesis was still better supported, although an archosauromorph...
of reptiles, Archosauromorpha (crocodilians, birds, and kin) and Lepidosauromorpha (lizards, and kin), diverged during the Permian period. In addition...
(2018). It places turtles within Diapsida but outside of Sauria (the Lepidosauromorpha + Archosauromorpha clade). The following cladogram was found by Simões...
There is only one known land reptile species native to Ireland, the viviparous or common lizard. It appears to have a widespread distribution across the...
belong to the superorder Lepidosauria, the only surviving taxon within Lepidosauromorpha. Squamates and rhynchocephalians have a number of shared traits (synapomorphies)...
the most recent common ancestor of Choristodera, Archosauromorpha, Lepidosauromorpha and all their descendants. However, these uses have not gained wide...
experts have variously placed them on the reptile family tree among Lepidosauromorpha (squamates, rhynchocephalians and their relatives), Archosauromorpha...
The Kota Formation is a geological formation in India. The age of the Kota Formation is uncertain; it is commonly considered to date to the Early Jurassic...
Archosauromorpha is Lepidosauromorpha, containing squamates and rhynchocephalians, as well as their fossil relatives. Lepidosauromorpha contained at least...
with this genetic evidence, instead placing Pantestudines within Lepidosauromorpha but many modern studies have supported Archelosauria. Several recent...
pin-like teeth. They are often, but not always, placed in the group Lepidosauromorpha, though other studies have recovered them in other positions within...
gliding reptiles, the Kuehneosauridae, within a larger living group the Lepidosauromorpha, which contain modern lizards and tuatara. Unlike its longer "winged"...
belong to the superorder Lepidosauria, the only surviving taxon within Lepidosauromorpha along with the order Squamata, which includes lizards and snakes....
The La Boca Formation is a geological formation in Tamaulipas state, northeast Mexico. It was thought to date back to the Early Jurassic, concretely the...
(Archosauromorpha), or in unresolved polytomy with Archosauromorpha and Lepidosauromorpha. The analyses using Dilkes' matrix recovered drepanosaurs either as...
appeared during the Norian Age (Stage) of the Late Triassic Period. The Lepidosauromorpha, specifically the Sphenodontia, are first found in the fossil record...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2007 in paleontology. Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the...
paired clavicles. These features would be more typical of a member of Lepidosauromorpha, meaning that Longisquama is not an archosaur and thus not closely...
Theagarten Lingham-Soliar (2000). "The Mosasaur Mosasaurus lemonnieri (Lepidosauromorpha, Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Belgium and The Netherlands"...
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