For the formation of the tenses, see Latin conjugation.
For Latin tenses from a functional perspective, see Latin tenses (semantics).
The main Latin tenses can be divided into two groups: the present system (also known as infectum tenses), consisting of the present, future, and imperfect; and the perfect system (also known as perfectum tenses), consisting of the perfect, future perfect, and pluperfect.[1][2][3][4]
To these six main tenses can be added various periphrastic or compound tenses, such as ductūrus sum 'I am going to lead', or ductum habeō 'I have led'.[5] However, these are less commonly used than the six basic tenses.
In addition to these six tenses of the indicative mood, there are four tenses in the subjunctive mood and two in the imperative mood. Participles in Latin have three tenses (present, perfect, and future). The infinitive has two main tenses (present and perfect) as well as a number of periphrastic tenses used in reported speech.
Latin tenses do not have exact English equivalents, so that often the same tense can be translated in different ways depending on its context: for example, dūcō can be translated as 'I lead', 'I am leading' or 'I led', and dūxī can be translated as 'I led' and 'I have led'.[6] In some cases Latin makes a distinction which is not made in English: for example, imperfect eram and perfect fuī both mean 'I was' in English, but they differ in Latin.
The main Latintenses can be divided into two groups: the present system (also known as infectum tenses), consisting of the present, future, and imperfect;...
perfect subjunctive. Virgil has a short i for both tenses; Horace uses both forms for both tenses; Ovid uses both forms for the future perfect, but a...
patterns. The main tenses found in many languages include the past, present, and future. Some languages have only two distinct tenses, such as past and...
for it should be quarried two years in advance' For gerundive infinitive tenses see #Gerundive infinitives below. The present subjunctive can express a...
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of Latin declensions the loss of the neuter gender the development of grammatical articles from Latin demonstratives the loss of certain Latintenses and...
stems are needed to make the various tenses: dūc- in the three non-perfect tenses, dūx- in the three perfect tenses, and duct- in the perfect participle...
strictly in Latin, they can be made passive if they are used impersonally, and the supine exists for such verbs. The six simple tenses of Latin are divided...
Subjunctive mood tenses are divided into two groups, primary (present and perfect) and historic (imperfect and pluperfect). The historic tenses are used when...
open future conditions, it is usual in Latin to use one of the future tenses, when English has the present tense. Apart from the types mentioned below...
languages such as Latin and French is referred to as one of the tenses, although it actually encodes aspectual information in addition to tense (time reference)...
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of "habeo" as the basis of their future tenses (abandoning the Latin forms of the future tense). While in Latin "amare habeo" is the indirect discourse...
from remote past with separate tenses. There may be more than two distinctions. In some languages, certain past tenses can carry an implication that the...
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normally applied to English or Latin), or transgressives. Participles are often used to form certain grammatical tenses or grammatical aspects. The two...
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