The larger urban zone (LUZ), or functional urban area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may or may not be exclusively urban.[1] It consists of a city and its commuting zone outside it.[2]
The definition was introduced in 2004 by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union (EU), in agreement with the national statistics offices in the member states.[3][4] Eurostat data is provided only for zones in the EU countries, candidate countries and EFTA countries. Several cities were excluded by definition from the 2004 list of LUZs on technical, definitional grounds, such as the coincidence of the metropolitan area with the urban zone.[5][6][7]
The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of the metropolitan area. Eurostat's objective was to have an area from which a significant share of the residents commute into the city, a concept known as the "functional urban region." To ensure a good data availability, Eurostat adjusts the LUZ boundaries to administrative boundaries that approximate the functional urban region.
In 2006 LUZ definitions were changed significantly, improving the comparability of LUZ definitions across different countries, and allowing for almost all cities to be included.
^Position Statement on Cohesion Policy 2014–2020 Archived 2 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine, EuroMETREX. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
^"European cities – the EU-OECD functional urban area definition". Eurostat.
^"City statistics – Urban audit". Eurostat. 2006. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009.
^"The shift of Eurostat to Urban Statistics". Dr. Berthold Feldmann, Eurostat. March 2006. Archived from the original on 20 September 2006.
^www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094822/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999003.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094843/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999004.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110727094905/http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/Fiches/RS/AU1999/RS_AU1999006.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
The largerurbanzone (LUZ), or functional urban area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan and surrounding areas which may...
highest tax revenue per inhabitant (2003) The Munich LargerUrbanZone (LUZ) as defined by Eurostat's Urban Audit covers an area of 5,500 km2 and in 2004 contained...
considered parts of this LargerUrbanZone are listed here: (no district in Bedfordshire, Hampshire, or Sussex is included). Several large conurbations fall...
(Metropolregion Rheinland). Eurostat's Urban Audit splits the Cologne/Bonn region into two LargerUrbanZones (LUZ). These two UrbanZones do not cover the district...
Wolverhampton has its own largerurbanzone. In addition, some[who?] found controversial the use of the term 'city' to describe primary urban areas such as Aldershot...
"Functional Urban Areas" (FUAs) of the Study on Urban Functions of the European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON, 2007) the "LargerUrbanZone" (LUZs)...
An urban area, built-up area or urban agglomeration is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment. This...
The Thessaloniki metropolitan area or largerurbanzone (LUZ) is the complete area covered and directly influenced by Thessaloniki. The metropolitan area...
An urban enterprise zone is an area in which policies to encourage economic growth and development are implemented. Urban enterprise zone policies generally...
the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, the Ruhr area, Madrid and Milan. The LargerUrbanZone has a population of 4,440...
European Union's statistical agency Eurostat has created a concept named largerurbanzone (LUZ). The LUZ represents an attempt at a harmonised definition of...
statistics, the land area covered by urban areas is three times larger in Finland than in Norway, although the total urban population is about the same (ssb...
administrative boundaries as opposed to urban areas or largerurbanzones (metropolitan areas), which are generally larger in terms of population than the main...
period of time. In this case the statistics of Eurostat's Urban Audit for largerurbanzones have been used. This list shows top 200 EU metropolitan areas...
principal-residence status). In 2021, the population of the Graz largerurbanzone (LUZ) stood at 665,390 based on principal-residence status. Graz is...
Agglomération) are also covered by Eurostat statistics as separate LargerUrbanZones (LUZ). List of cities and towns in Belgium List of metropolitan areas...
limits List of urban areas in Europe List of metropolitan areas in Europe List of largerurbanzones (metropolitan area) List of urban areas by population...
area is 966,175 as of 2023. An alternative definition, the Eurostat LargerUrbanZone, lists a population of 1,153,876. The Ostrava metropolitan area is...
population along the rural–urban continuum. Functional economic areas (FEAs), also called largerurbanzone or functional urban areas, are catchment areas...
city in the Czech Republic. It has about 102,000 inhabitants and its largerurbanzone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019). Located on the...
areas by population for the world Largerurbanzone "MUAs and FUAs delineation" (PDF). ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions. European Spatial Planning...
Union by population within city limits List of urban areas in the European Union List of largerurbanzones (metropolitan area) List of cities in Europe...
Christina, and Anna Maria Jönsson. “Urban Ecosystem Conditions and Ecosystem Services – a Comparison between LargeUrbanZones and City Cores in the EU.” Journal...
August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019. "Total population in Urban Audit cities, LargerUrbanZone". Eurostat. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 September...
Global Information