Difference in energy of hydrogenic atom electron states not predicted by the Dirac equation
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In physics the Lamb shift, named after Willis Lamb, refers to an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom. The difference was not predicted by theory and it cannot be derived from the Dirac equation, which predicts identical energies. Hence the Lamb shift refers to a deviation from theory seen in the differing energies contained by the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 orbitals of the hydrogen atom.
The Lamb shift is caused by interactions between the virtual photons created through vacuum energy fluctuations and the electron as it moves around the hydrogen nucleus in each of these two orbitals. The Lamb shift has since played a significant role through vacuum energy fluctuations in theoretical prediction of Hawking radiation from black holes.
This effect was first measured in 1947 in the Lamb–Retherford experiment on the hydrogen microwave spectrum[1] and this measurement provided the stimulus for renormalization theory to handle the divergences. It was the harbinger of modern quantum electrodynamics developed by Julian Schwinger, Richard Feynman, Ernst Stueckelberg, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Freeman Dyson. Lamb won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955 for his discoveries related to the Lamb shift.
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G Aruldhas (2009). "§15.15 Lamb Shift". Quantum Mechanics (2nd ed.). Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. p. 404. ISBN 978-81-203-3635-3.
In physics the Lambshift, named after Willis Lamb, refers to an anomalous difference in energy between two electron orbitals in a hydrogen atom. The...
shift in electron energies in a hydrogen atom (see Lambshift). Lamb was a professor at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences. Lamb was...
Bethe arrived at a value for the Lambshift of 1040 MHz, extremely close to that obtained experimentally by Lamb and Retherford. His paper, published...
because the muon has no internal structure: α−1 = 137.035994(18). The Lambshift is a small difference in the energies of the 2 S1/2 and 2 P1/2 energy...
quantities like the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the Lambshift of the energy levels of hydrogen.: Ch1 It is the most precise and stringently...
student of Willis Lamb at Columbia Radiation Laboratory. Retherford and Lamb performed the famous experiment revealing Lambshift in the fine structure...
orbitals to asymmetric 2p orbitals of hydrogen, a difference known as the Lambshift. The exact values of the energy levels are sensitive to the distribution...
not physically real. Virtual photons are responsible for Lambshift, which is a small shift in the energy levels of hydrogen atoms caused by the interaction...
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predicted by the Dirac theory; this became known as the Lambshift. Lamb had discovered the shift a few weeks before (with Robert Retherford), so this was...
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Lambshift was discovered: a small difference in the 2S1⁄2 and 2P1⁄2 levels of hydrogen, due to the interaction between the electron and vacuum. Lamb...
solution. The energy levels of hydrogen, including fine structure (excluding Lambshift and hyperfine structure), are given by the Sommerfeld fine-structure expression:...
various phenomena such as spontaneous emission, the Casimir effect, and the Lambshift, and are thought to influence the behavior of the Universe on cosmological...
should have the same energy, were shifted in relation to each other; the difference came to be called the Lambshift. About the same time, Polykarp Kusch...
slightly different. Another mechanism that affects only the s-state is the Lambshift, a further, smaller correction that arises in quantum electrodynamics...
predictions of QED, such as the magnetic dipole moment of leptons, the Lambshift, and the hyperfine structure of bound lepton pairs, such as muonium and...
achievements of the experimentalists, who reported the discovery of the Lambshift, the measurement of the magnetic moment of the electron, and Robert Marshak's...
comes to physical interpretations of various QED processes including the Lambshift, van der Waals forces, and Casimir effects." This point of view is also...
involves improving the uncertainty in QED calculations, specifically the Lambshift in the 1s-2s transition of the hydrogen atom. A redefinition must include...
energy levels of the hydrogen atom, Isidor Rabi made measurements of the Lambshift and the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of the electron. These effects...
be accomplished. Astronomical spectroscopy The hydrogen line (21 cm) Lambshift Moseley's law Quantum optics Theoretical and experimental justification...
deriving the anomalous magnetic moment "Schwinger term" and also the Lambshift, afresh in 1963, using the Heisenberg picture and without using the joining...
Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford measured the minute difference in the 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 energy levels of the hydrogen atom, also called the Lambshift. By...