Interference fringes, showing fine structure (splitting) of a cooled deuterium source, viewed through a Fabry–Pérot interferometer.
In atomic physics, the fine structure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation. It was first measured precisely for the hydrogen atom by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley in 1887,[1][2] laying the basis for the theoretical treatment by Arnold Sommerfeld, introducing the fine-structure constant.[3]
^A.A. Michelson; E. W. Morley (1887). "On a method of making the wave-length of sodium light the actual practical standard of length". American Journal of Science. 34: 427.
^A.A. Michelson; E. W. Morley (1887). "On a method of making the wave-length of sodium light the actual practical standard of length". Philosophical Magazine. 24: 463.
^A.Sommerfeld (July 1940). "Zur Feinstruktur der Wasserstofflinien. Geschichte und gegenwärtiger Stand der Theorie". Naturwissenschaften (in German). 28 (27): 417–423. doi:10.1007/BF01490583. S2CID 45670149.
In atomic physics, the finestructure describes the splitting of the spectral lines of atoms due to electron spin and relativistic corrections to the non-relativistic...
Finestructure theory may refer to: Finestructure, a property in quantum physics Finestructure theory, the study of the levels of the Jensen hierarchy...
field generated by the rotation of the molecule. Hyperfine structure contrasts with finestructure, which results from the interaction between the magnetic...
Eukaryotic chromosome finestructure refers to the structure of sequences for eukaryotic chromosomes. Some fine sequences are included in more than one...
Temporal envelope (ENV) and temporal finestructure (TFS) are changes in the amplitude and frequency of sound perceived by humans over time. These temporal...
In solid state physics and physical chemistry, the fine electronic structure of a solid are the features of the electronic bands induced by intrinsic...
Finestructure genetics encompasses a set of tools used to examine not just the mutations within an entire genome, but can be isolated to either specific...
order of an amorphous material can be elucidated. X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy is an atomic scale probe making it useful for studying...
universal dimensionless constants. Perhaps the best-known example is the fine-structure constant, α, which has an approximate value of 1⁄137.036. It has been...
narrower case of dimensionless universal physical constants, such as the fine-structure constant α, which characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic...
studying distant quasars, has claimed to detect a variation of the fine-structure constant at the level in one part in 105. Other authors dispute these...
barium). The natural reactor of Oklo has been used to check if the atomic fine-structure constant α might have changed over the past 2 billion years. That is...
the Pauli exclusion principle, the Aufbau principle, and Hund's rule. Finestructure arises from relativistic kinetic energy corrections, spin–orbit coupling...
determined constant, its value being proportional to the dimensionless fine-structure constant, which is known to a relative uncertainty of about 1.5×10−10...
specific tests of QED consist of measurements of the electromagnetic fine-structure constant, α, in various physical systems. Checking the consistency of...
February and March 2007 by the New Horizons spacecraft revealed a rich finestructure in the main ring. In visible and near-infrared light, the rings have...
Close examination of the spectral lines reveals that some display a finestructure splitting. This occurs because of spin–orbit coupling, which is an interaction...
in turn is determined by the experimentally determined dimensionless fine-structure constant α: ε 0 = 1 μ 0 c 2 = e 2 2 α h c , {\displaystyle \varepsilon...
}}\ln {\frac {1}{\pi \alpha }},} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is the fine-structure constant. This shift is about 500 MHz, within an order of magnitude...
the fine-structure constant. The CODATA value of the Bohr radius (in SI units) is 5.29177210903(80)×10−11 m. In the Bohr model for atomic structure, put...
of hydrogen, including finestructure (excluding Lamb shift and hyperfine structure), are given by the Sommerfeld fine-structure expression: E j n = −...
(Zd = 82). The known cluster emissions as of 2010 are as follows: The finestructure in 14C radioactivity of 223Ra was discussed for the first time by M...
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