Lakhmid kingdom information

Lakhmid Kingdom
المناذرة
Lakhmid Kingdom المناذرة
c.300–602 AD
	Map of the Lakhmid Kingdom in the 6th-century. Light green is Sasanian territory governed by the Lakhmids
Status	Dependency of the Sasanian Empire
Capital	Al-Hirah
Common languages	Arabic; Aramaic;
Religion	Official: Church of the East Unofficial: Arab Paganism; Manichaeism; Christianity
Government	Monarchy
History
• Established	c.300
• Annexed by the Sasanian Empire	602 AD

The Lakhmid dynasty,^[a] referred to in Arabic as al-Manādhirah^[b] or Banu Lakhm,^[c] was an Arab kingdom in Southern Iraq and Eastern Arabia, with al-Hirah as their capital, from the late 3rd century to 602 AD/CE.^[2]^[3] They were generally but intermittently the allies and clients of the Sasanian Empire, and participant in the Roman–Persian Wars. While the term "Lakhmids" has also been applied to the ruling dynasty, more recent scholarship prefers to refer to the latter as the Naṣrids.^[4]

The Nasrid dynasty authority extended over to their Arab allies in Al-Bahrain and Al-Yamama.^[5] When Khosrow II deposed and executed Al-Nu'man III, the last Nasrid ruler, his Arab allies in Najd rose in arms and defeated the Sasanians at the battle of Dhi Qar, which led to the Sasanians losing their control over Eastern Arabia.^[5] The victory at Dhi Qar roused confidence and enthusiasm among the Arabs seen as the beginning of a new era.^[6]^[7]^{[better source needed]}

^ Maalouf, Tony (2005). Arabs in the Shadow of Israel: The Unfolding of God's Prophetic Plan for Ishmael's Line. Kregel Academic. p. 23. ISBN 9780825493638.
^ "Lakhmid dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
^ Bryan Ward-Perkins; Michael Whitby (2000). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 14: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D. 425–600. Cambridge University Press. p. 692. ISBN 9780521325912.
^ Fisher 2011, p. 258.
^ ^a ^b Sauer 2017, p. 275.
^ Power, Edmond (1913). "The Prehistory of Islam". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 2 (7). Messenger Publications: 204–221. JSTOR 30082945. Retrieved 10 May 2021. The Persians were soon to discover their fatal mistake in not continuing to govern Arabs by Arabs when they sustained a crushing defeat from the nomad army of the Bakr tribes at the battle of Dhu Qar about 610 AD This victory roused the self-consciousness of the Arabs.
^ Ahmad, Nawawi (1976). Arab Unity and Disunity (PDF) (Master's thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-02. Retrieved 10 May 2021. Despite the small number of troops involved, the decisive victory of the Arabs is seen as the beginning of a new era, since it gave the Arab tribes a new confidence and enthusiasm.

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[1] Maalouf, Tony (2005). Arabs in the Shadow of Israel: The Unfolding of God's Prophetic Plan for Ishmael's Line. Kregel Academic. p. 23. ISBN 9780825493638.

[5] "Lakhmid dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2023.

[6] Bryan Ward-Perkins; Michael Whitby (2000). The Cambridge ancient history. Vol. 14: Late antiquity: empire and successors, A.D. 425–600. Cambridge University Press. p. 692. ISBN 9780521325912.

[FOOTNOTEFisher2011258-7] Fisher 2011, p. 258.

[FOOTNOTESauer2017275-8] Sauer 2017, p. 275.

[9] Power, Edmond (1913). "The Prehistory of Islam". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review. 2 (7). Messenger Publications: 204–221. JSTOR 30082945. Retrieved 10 May 2021. The Persians were soon to discover their fatal mistake in not continuing to govern Arabs by Arabs when they sustained a crushing defeat from the nomad army of the Bakr tribes at the battle of Dhu Qar about 610 AD This victory roused the self-consciousness of the Arabs.

[10] Ahmad, Nawawi (1976). Arab Unity and Disunity (PDF) (Master's thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-02. Retrieved 10 May 2021. Despite the small number of troops involved, the decisive victory of the Arabs is seen as the beginning of a new era, since it gave the Arab tribes a new confidence and enthusiasm.

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