Inadequate provision and effectiveness of physical education in schools
Lack of physical education is the inadequacy of the provision and effectiveness of exercise and physical activity within modern education.[1]
When physical education fails to meet its goals of providing students with the knowledge base, life habits, and mindset necessary to be physically active throughout their lifetime,[2] it can lead children to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. According to a 2010 study by the WHO, 81% of children aged 11–17 worldwide did not meet the minimum recommended exercise guidelines of 60 minutes daily.[3]
A physical education class for secondary students in Havana, Cuba.
Although more prevalent in countries of high income,[4] physical inactivity is an international issue that is correlated with an obesity epidemic[5] and negative physical,[6] psychological,[7] and academic consequences[8] in children.
A high quality physical education programs consists of these attributes:[9]
Physical education teachers are certified
Students in elementary school have physical education class for a minimum of 150 minutes per week, while students in high school have it for at least 225 minutes per week
Concrete and achievable standards for students to meet (often for high school graduation)
Elementary students playing with a parachute in their physical education class in Leland, North Carolina, U.S.
^Shannon W. Weed (2005), The disappearance of physical education
^Sallis, James F (2012). "Physical Education's Role in Public Health: Steps Forward and Backward Over 20 Years and HOPE for the Future". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.
^"WHO | Prevalence of insufficient physical activity". www.who.int. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
^Hallal, Pedro C; Andersen, Lars Bo; Bull, Fiona C; Guthold, Regina; Haskell, William; Ekelund, Ulf (2012-07-21). "Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects". The Lancet. 380 (9838): 247–257. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60646-1. hdl:11250/170988. PMID 22818937. S2CID 8186207.
^"Lack of exercise, not diet, linked to rise in obesity, Stanford research shows". News Center. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
^Lee, I-Min; Shiroma, Eric J; Lobelo, Felipe; Puska, Pekka; Blair, Steven N; Katzmarzyk, Peter T (2012). "Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy". The Lancet. 380 (9838): 219–229. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61031-9. PMC 3645500. PMID 22818936.
^Ploughman, Michelle (2008-01-01). "Exercise is brain food: The effects of physical activity on cognitive function". Developmental Neurorehabilitation. 11 (3): 236–240. doi:10.1080/17518420801997007. ISSN 1751-8423. PMID 18781504. S2CID 12656777.
^Rasberry, Catherine N.; Lee, Sarah M.; Robin, Leah; Laris, B.A.; Russell, Lisa A.; Coyle, Karin K.; Nihiser, Allison J. (2011). "The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance: A systematic review of the literature". Preventive Medicine. 52: S10–S20. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.01.027. PMID 21291905.
^"Approaches to Physical Education in Schools". Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment. National Academies Press (US). 2013. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
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