The Kumtura Thousand Buddha Caves (simplified Chinese: 库木吐喇千佛洞; traditional Chinese: 庫木吐喇千佛洞; pinyin: Kùmùtǔlǎ Qiānfódòng) (also Qumtura) is a Buddhist cave temple site in the Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, China. The site is located some 25 km west of Kucha, Kuqa County, on the ancient Silk Road.[1][2] Other famous sites nearby are the Kizilgaha caves, the Kizil Caves, Subashi Temple and the Simsim caves.[3]
112 cave temples survive, dating from the fifth to the eleventh centuries. Damaged by occasional habitation after abandonment of the site, Kumtura was visited by a number of the early foreign expeditions to Chinese Central Asia, including the 1902 Ōtani expedition, Oldenburg, and Le Coq.[4][5][6][7] The last detached several wall paintings and took them back to Berlin (now at the Museum für Asiatische Kunst).[8]
Construction of the Dongfang Hong Hydroelectric Plant in the 1970s caused the water level of the Muzat River to rise and has increased the rate of decay of the wall paintings.[1] Long-term preservation measures under the auspices of UNESCO began in 1999 with extensive documentation and survey work and consolidation of the conglomerate rock from which the caves are excavated.[1][9] The site was among the first to be designated for protection in 1961 as a Major National Historical and Cultural Site.[10] In 2008 Kumtula Grottoes was submitted for future inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as part of the Chinese Section of the Silk Road.[11]
^ abcAgnew, Neville, ed. (2010). Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Proceedings of the Second International Conference(PDF). Getty Conservation Institute. pp. 37–9. ISBN 9781606060131.
^Wang Weidong, ed. (2008). 库木吐喇石窟内容总录 [A general record of the Kumtura caves] (in Chinese). 文物出版社. ISBN 9787501023844.
^(Other than Kizil)... "The nearby site of Kumtura contains over a hundred caves, forty of which contain painted murals or inscriptions. Other cave sites near Kucha include Subashi, Kizilgaha, and Simsim." in Buswell, Robert E.; Lopez, Donald S. (24 November 2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. p. 438. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8.
^"Japanese Collections". International Dunhuang Project. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^"Russian Collections". International Dunhuang Project. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^"German Collections". International Dunhuang Project. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^Hopkirk, Peter (1984). Foreign Devils on the Silk Road: The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasures of Chinese Central Asia. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0870234358.
^"MIA Kumtura Collection". University of Washington. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^"The Conservation and Restoration of Kumtura Thousand Buddha Caves". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^"国务院关于公布第一批全国重点文物保护单位名单的通知 (1st Designations)" (in Chinese). State Administration of Cultural Heritage. 3 April 1961. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^"Chinese Section of the Silk Road". UNESCO. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
The Kumtura Thousand Buddha Caves (simplified Chinese: 库木吐喇千佛洞; traditional Chinese: 庫木吐喇千佛洞; pinyin: Kùmùtǔlǎ Qiānfódòng) (also Qumtura) is a Buddhist...
famous sites nearby are the Kizilgaha caves, the KumturaCaves, Subashi Temple and the Simsim caves. The Kizil Caves are "the earliest representative grottoes...
sites nearby are the Ah-ai Grotto, Kizilgaha caves, the KumturaCaves, the Kizil Caves and the Simsim caves. These sites and others along the Silk Road...
The Mogao Caves, also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes or Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, form a system of 500 temples 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the...
worn by the Tocharians. A series of murals from Kizil, Kizilgaha and Kumturacaves depicting Kuchean royalties, knights, swordsmen and donors have provided...
ruled, such as Sogdiana, Bamiyan or Kucha in the Tarim Basin (Kizil Caves, KumturaCaves, Subashi reliquary). In these areas appear dignitaries with caftans...
and most of the surviving caves date from the West Uyghur kingdom around the 10th to 13th centuries. There are 77 rock-cut caves at the site. Most have rectangular...
the cave go back to the 5th century CE. Other famous sites nearby are the Ah-ai Grotto, Kizil Caves, Kumtura, Subashi Temple and the Simsim caves. Kizilgaha...
ruled, such as Sogdiana, Bamyan or Kucha in the Tarim Basin (Kizil Caves, KumturaCaves, Subashi reliquary). In these areas appear dignitaries with caftans...
Buddha Caves Western Thousand Buddha Caves Bezeklik Thousand Buddha CavesKumtura Thousand Buddha Caves Kizil Caves or Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves This...
found in the Kizil Caves and are described in the writings of Xuanzang. "[T]he fair ladies and benefactresses of Kizil and Kumtura in their tight-waisted...
Cave G, Bamyan (detail) Reconstructed mural of Cave G, Bamyan After the destruction of the Buddhas, 50 more caves were revealed. In 12 of the caves,...
Possible Bactrians revelling, on the ceiling of the central hall of Cave 1 of Ajanta caves, India (460–480 CE). The name of "Tocharians" was mistakenly applied...
Yulin caves were also frequently visited by members of the Cao family, as it is attested by the many surviving donor images. For example, in Cave 16 the...
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