Global InformationKivu conflict information
| Kivu conflict | |||||||||
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| Part of the aftermath of the Second Congo War | |||||||||
Approximate map of current military situation in Kivu. For a detailed map, see here. Clashes and incidents map:[1] | |||||||||
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| Belligerents (see full list) | |||||||||
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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| Strength | |||||||||
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6,000–8,000 CNDP (2007)[14] 5,500+ M23 (2012) |
2004: 20,000 total troops;[14]
2008:
2013: 22,016 UN Monusco Uniformed personnel (2013)[16] |
2,000 FDLR[17] 1,500 ACPLS[18] 3,000 FNL/Palipehutu Hundreds of FNL–Nzabampema |
 1,000–1,250 (2018)[19]Several thousand Raia Mutomboki militia 10,000+ other armed groups | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| CNDP: 233 killed[citation needed] |
FARDC: 71 killed[citation needed] BDF: Unknown  17+ killed[20][21] | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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More than 1.4 million internally displaced persons,[22] hundreds of thousands of excess deaths, 11,873+ people killed (including civilians and combatants of each sides)[23][24][20][25][26] | |||||||||
The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War. Including neighboring Ituri province, there are more than 120 different armed groups active in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Currently, some of the most active rebel groups include the Allied Democratic Forces, the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo, the March 23 Movement, and many local Mai Mai militias.[27] In addition to rebel groups and the governmental FARDC troops, a number of national and international organizations have intervened militarily in the conflict, including the United Nations force known as MONUSCO, and an East African Community regional force.
Conflict began in 2004 in the eastern Congo as an armed conflict between the military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and the Hutu Power group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has broadly consisted of three phases, the third of which is an ongoing conflict. Prior to March 2009, the main combatant group against the FARDC was the National Congress for the Defence of the People (CNDP). Following the cessation of hostilities between these two forces, rebel Tutsi forces, formerly under the command of Laurent Nkunda, became the dominant opposition to the government forces.
The United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO) has played a large role in the conflict. With 21,000 soldiers in the force, the Kivu conflict constitutes the largest peacekeeping mission currently in operation. In total, 93 peacekeepers have died in the region, with 15 dying in a large-scale attack by the Allied Democratic Forces, in North Kivu in December 2017.[28] The peacekeeping force seeks to prevent escalation of force in the conflict, and minimise human rights abuses like sexual assault and the use of child soldiers in the conflict.[29]
CNDP was sympathetic to the Banyamulenge in Eastern Congo, an ethnic Tutsi group, and to the Tutsi-dominated government of neighboring Rwanda. It was opposed by the FDLR, by the FARDC, and by United Nations forces.
- ^ "DR Congo: suspicion of an alleged recovery of M23 Rubaya". Silent War Journal. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ "Rwanda 'protecting M23 DR Congo rebels'". BBC News. 5 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Susan Rice: the liberal case against her being secretary of state". The Guardian. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Conflict Minerals, Rebels and Child Soldiers in Congo". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Smoking guns". Transnational Institute. 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
- ^ "FARDC hunting down APCLS in Masisi, and what about FDLR?". christoph vogel. 4 March 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Activists urge govt to arrest fugitive DRC warlord". News24. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ "Mapping armed groups in eastern Congo". Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ "DRC: Who are the Raïa Mutomboki?". 17 July 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
- ^ "Rebel troops capture Bukavu and threaten third Congo war - Independent Online Edition > Africa". news.independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
- ^ "'Scores dead' in Burundi clashes". Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Reshuffle in the Congolese army – cui bono? - christoph vogel". christoph vogel. 28 September 2014. Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ Chris McGreal (5 August 2014). "US tells armed group in DRC to surrender or face 'military option'". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ a b ""Congo rebels call for peace talks" BBC News Africa 2007-12-13". News.bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
- ^ a b "DR Congo army pushes rebels back" Archived 16 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine BBC News Africa, 14 November 2008
- ^ "MONUSCO Facts and Figures - United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo". Un.org. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
- ^ "Monusco". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ "Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS)". Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ "Letter dated 20 May 2018 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). 4 June 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Rebels kill 15 peacekeepers in Congo in worst attack on U.N. in recent". Reuters. 8 December 2017. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ Alexandra Johnson (11 October 2017). "The Allied Democratic Forces Attacks Two UN Peacekeepers in the DRC". Center for Security Policy. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2017.
- ^ "DR Congo: Stepping up support for two million displaced". Archived from the original on 8 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Kivu Conflict". The Polynational War Memorial. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ^ "Realtime Data (2017)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
- ^ "DR Congo: New 'Kivu Security Tracker' Maps Eastern Violence". Human Rights Watch. 7 December 2017. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
- ^ "ACLED Data (2018)". ACLED. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "What is the latest conflict in the DR Congo about? - Features". Al Jazeera. 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
- ^ correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (8 December 2017). "Islamist attack kills at least 15 UN peacekeepers and five soldiers in DRC". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017 – via www.TheGuardian.com.
- ^ Section, United Nations News Service (8 December 2017). "UN News - DR Congo: Over a dozen UN peacekeepers killed in worst attack on 'blue helmets' in recent history". UN News Service Section. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.