المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāzyah Al-Hāshimīyah
1916–1925
Top: Flag in 1917 Bottom: Flag in 1920
Coat of arms (1920–1925)
Kingdom of Hejaz (red) within modern-day Saudi Arabia and Jordan
Capital
Mecca (1916–1924) Jeddah (1924–1925)[1]
Common languages
Arabic
Ethnic groups
Arabs
Religion
Sunni Islam
Demonym(s)
Hejazi
Government
Absolute monarchy
King
• 1916–1924
Hussein bin Ali
• 1924–1925
Ali bin Hussein
Historical era
World War I Interwar period
• Mecca Revolt
10 June 1916
• Recognized
10 August 1920
• Foundation of the Sharifian Caliphate
3 March 1924
• Conquered by the Nejd
19 December 1925
• Abdulaziz crowned King of Hejaz
8 January 1926
Population
• 1920
850,000
• 1925[1]
900,000
Currency
Hejazi riyal
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ottoman Hejaz
Sharifian Caliphate
Hejaz and Nejd
Today part of
Saudi Arabia Jordan
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Umayyad and Abbasid periods
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Ottoman rule
Jabrids
Bani Khalid Emirate
Emirate of Diriyah
Mu'ammarid Imamate
Emirate of Nejd
Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Emirate of Riyadh
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Kingdom of Hejaz
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Sheikdom of Upper Asir
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Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
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Unification
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The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz (Arabic: المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية, Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāziyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah) was a state in the Hejaz region of Western Asia that included the western portion of the Arabian Peninsula that was ruled by the Hashemite dynasty. It was self-proclaimed as a kingdom in June 1916 during the First World War, to be independent from the Ottoman Empire, on the basis of an alliance with the British Empire to drive the Ottoman Army from the Arabian Peninsula during the Arab Revolt.
The British government had promised Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz, a single independent Arab state that would include, in addition to the Hejaz region, modern-day Jordan, Iraq, and most of Syria, with the fate of the Palestine region (today's Israel and Palestine) being mentioned in more ambiguous terms. However, at the end of the First World War, the Treaty of Versailles turned Syria into a French League of Nations mandate and Iraq, Mandate Palestine and Transjordan into British mandates. Hashemite princes were installed as monarchs under the British mandates in Transjordan and Iraq; this became known as the Sharifian solution.
Relations with the British Empire further deteriorated when Jews were allowed to move to Palestine. Hussein refused to ratify the 1919 Treaty of Versailles, and, in response to a 1921 British proposal to sign a treaty accepting the Mandate system, stated that he could not be expected to "affix his name to a document assigning Palestine to the Zionists and Syria to foreigners".[2] A further British attempt to reach a treaty failed in 1923–24 and negotiations were suspended in March 1924;[3] within six months the British withdrew their support in favour of their central Arabian ally Ibn Saud, who proceeded to conquer Hussein's kingdom.[4][5]
On 23 September 1932, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was unified with the other Saudi dominions, creating the unified Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[6][7]
^ abBen Chaoon. "Saudi Arabia". WorldStatesmen.org. Ben M. Cahoon. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
^Mousa 1978, p. 185.
^Huneidi 2001, pp. 71–72.
^Huneidi 2001, p. 72.
^Mai Yamani (13 October 2009), Cradle of Islam: the Hijaz and the quest for an Arabian identity (Pbk. ed.), I.B. Tauris (published 2009), ISBN 978-1-84511-824-2
^Madawi Al Rasheed. A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Hashemite KingdomofHejaz (Arabic: المملكة الحجازية الهاشمية, Al-Mamlakah al-Ḥijāziyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah) was a state in the Hejaz region of Western Asia...
The KingdomofHejaz and Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز ونجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd), initially the KingdomofHejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (Arabic: مملكة...
independent KingdomofHejaz existed briefly in 1925 before being conquered by the neighbouring Sultanate of Nejd, creating the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd...
Ottoman laws. When the area became an independent nation first as the KingdomofHejaz and then as Saudi Arabia, it became internationally known as a slave...
Hashemite KingdomofHejaz in 1924–25, ending with conquest and incorporation ofHejaz into the Saudi domain. The 1924 campaign came within the scope of the...
Arabia is a dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Following the amalgamation of the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd, the new state was named...
that renamed the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd and its annexes as the Kingdomof Saudi Arabia. The declaration marked the establishment of the fifth and final...
from 1916 to 1920 Flag of the KingdomofHejaz from 1917 to 1920, based on the flag of the Arab Revolt Flag of the KingdomofHejaz from 1920 to 1926. This...
and Development of Manually Operated, Full Automatic, and Power Driven Aircraft Machine Guns. Vol. 1. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Ordnance. Kinard...
first flag of the KingdomofHejaz. It was designed by Mark Sykes but is highly reminiscent of previous Arab flags, such as the flags of the al-Muntada...
United Kingdom and the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd under their pressure. caused him to have problems. In 1926, A dispute broke out between the Kingdomof Hejaz...
Sharif of Mecca (Arabic: شريف مكة, romanized: Sharīf Makkah) or Hejaz (Arabic: شريف الحجاز, romanized: Sharīf al-Ḥijāz) was the title of the leader of the...
The Vilayet of the Hejaz (Arabic: ولاية الحجاز Wilayat al-Ḥijāz; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت حجاز Vilâyet-i Hicaz) refers to the Hejaz region of Arabia when...
Mandatory Iraq and, until 1925, the KingdomofHejaz to the south. On 25 May 1946, the emirate became the "Hashemite Kingdomof Transjordan", achieving full...
when it became the KingdomofHejaz. From 1201, the descendants of the Sharifian patriarch Qatada ruled over Mecca, Medina and the Hejaz in unbroken succession...
resultant polity was named the Kingdomof Nejd and Hejaz from 1927 until it was further consolidated with al-Hasa into the Kingdomof Saudi Arabia in 1932. It...
ruled the Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913), the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1913–1921), the Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926), the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)...
instrumental in the disintegration of the majority of the early Hashemite Kingdoms (KingdomofHejaz and Kingdomof Iraq). Additionally, at the time, many...
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa Emirate of Jabal Shammar Sultanate of Nejd KingdomofHejazKingdomofHejaz and Nejd Madawi Al-Rasheed. A History of Saudi Arabia...
History of Saudi Arabia Unification of Saudi Arabia Emirate of Diriyah Emirate of Nejd Emirate of Jabal Shammar KingdomofHejazKingdomofHejaz and Nejd...
of two crossed swords with a palm tree in the space above and between the blades. The two swords represent the KingdomofHejaz and the Sultanate of Nejd...
Aziz conquered the KingdomofHejaz in 1925. He raised Nejd to a kingdom in 1927, and his dominions became known as the KingdomofHejaz and Nejd and its...
his death, the son of Abdulaziz bin Muhammad, Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud, sent out forces to bring the region ofHejaz under his rule. Ta'if...
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