King of Egypt and the Sudan (Arabic: ملك مصر والسودانMalik Miṣr was-Sūdān) was the title used by the Egyptian monarch from 16 October 1951 until the abolition of the monarchy on 18 June 1953.
In 1951, the Egyptian Parliament amended the Constitution by Law 176 of 16 October 1951 to provide that the title of the King should be "King of Egypt and the Sudan" instead of "King of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, Sudan, Kordofan, and Darfur".[1] This move came in the wake of Wafdist Prime Minister Nahhas Pasha's decision to unilaterally abrogate the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. The change in King Farouk I's title was intended to further Egypt's claims over the Sudan, which had been an Anglo-Egyptian condominium since 1899.[2]
The title had long been used by Egyptian nationalists to emphasize their desire for the unity of the Nile Valley. For instance, expatriate Egyptian students in France greeted Farouk I during his 1937 tour of Europe by proclaiming "Long live the King of Egypt and Sudan".[3] A Member of Parliament is also reported to have cried out "Long live His Majesty, King of Egypt and Sudan!" during Farouk I's coronation ceremony.[4] However, the title had no legal standing prior to 1951, and Farouk I was officially "Sovereign of the Sudan" (not King) until the Wafdist government's decision to change his title.[5] The title "King of the Sudan" was merely ceremonial, as the Egyptian King did not exercise effective control over Sudan, which was administered by the United Kingdom. The British objected to the title and did not recognize it, claiming that Egypt needed to respect the Sudanese people's right to self-determination.[6] Many other countries also refused to recognize Farouk I as "King of the Sudan", notably the United States,[7] as well as the Vatican.[8]
The only other monarch to officially use the title "King of Egypt and the Sudan" besides Farouk I was his infant son Fuad II. The title was used very briefly, as the Egyptian monarchy was abolished on 18 June 1953. Despite its short-lived existence, the title was used as an overprint on numerous Egyptian postage stamps. Many of extant stamps showing Farouk I's portrait thus bear the Arabic inscription "King of Egypt and the Sudan".[9]
^Whiteman, Marjorie Millace; Hackworth, Green Haywood (1963). Digest of International Law(snippet view). Vol. 2. United States Department of State. p. 64. OCLC 79506166. Retrieved 2010-02-26. The Egyptian Parliament amended the Constitution by Law 176 of October 16, 1951, to provide that the title of the King should be "King of Egypt and the Sudan" instead of "King of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, Sudan, Kordofan, and Darfur".
^"Egypt: On the Threshold of Revolution, 1945-52". Country Studies. Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. December 1990. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
^Rizk, Yunan Labib (29 September – 5 October 2005). "The making of a king". Al-Ahram Weekly (762). Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
^Rizk, Yunan Labib (28 July – 3 August 2005). "Crowning moment". Al-Ahram Weekly (753). Archived from the original on 14 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
^"Boy Scout into Field Marshal". Time. 9 August 1937. p. 3. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
^Youssef, Hassan (7–13 March 2002). "Before the fall". Al-Ahram Weekly (576). Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
^"Farouk's Realm Limited; U.S. Does Not Recognize Him as King of the Sudan". The New York Times. 17 November 1951. p. 3. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
^"Vatican Disputes Cairo; Denies Having Agreed to Accept Envoy of "King of the Sudan"". The New York Times. 1 December 1951. p. 4. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
to KingofEgyptandtheSudan in October 1951 following the Wafdist government's unilateral abrogation ofthe Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936. The monarchy...
Fuad II, is a member oftheEgyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty. As an infant, he formally reigned as the last KingofEgyptandtheSudan from July 1952 to June...
Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate KingofEgyptandtheSudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his overthrow in a military...
April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of EgyptandtheSudan. The ninth ruler ofEgyptandSudan from the Muhammad Ali dynasty, he became Sultan in 1917...
abolition of the monarchy ofEgyptandSudan in 1953 following theEgyptian Revolution of 1952. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was...
The Muhammad Ali dynasty or the Alawiyya dynasty was the ruling dynasty ofEgyptandSudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century. It is named after its...
oftheSudan was formed in 1956 and inherited its boundaries from Anglo-EgyptianSudan, established in 1899. For times predating 1899, usage ofthe term...
the west, Egypt to the north, Eritrea to the northeast, Ethiopia to the southeast, Libya to the northwest, South Sudan to the south, andthe Red Sea. It...
by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, under whom Egypt was united with Sudan, and later by the rise ofEgyptian nationalism and revolutionary ideas among the Egyptian...
Monarchs ofthe Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan throughout much of this period,[a] as well...
along the border between EgyptandSudan, which is uninhabited and claimed by neither country. When spoken of in association with the neighbouring Halaib Triangle...
toppled the monarchy ofEgyptandtheSudan (including modern day South Sudan), leading to the establishment ofthe Republic ofEgypt, andthe independence...
given and family name. Al-Fārūq literally means "the one who distinguishes between right and wrong." Farouk ofEgypt (1920–1965), KingofEgyptandthe Sudan...
abolish the constitutional monarchy and aristocracy ofEgyptandSudan, establish a republic, end the British occupation ofthe country, and secure the independence...
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