A keiretsu (Japanese: 系列, literally system, series, grouping of enterprises, order of succession) is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings that have dominated the Japanese economy since the second half of the 20th century. In the legal sense, it is a type of business group that is in a loosely organized alliance within Japan's business community.[1] It rose up to replace the zaibatsu system that was dissolved in the occupation of Japan following the Second World War.[2] Though their influence has shrunk since the late 20th century, they continue to be important forces in Japan's economy in the early 21st century.
The members' companies own small portions of the shares in each other's companies, centered on a core bank; this system helps insulate each company from stock market fluctuations and takeover attempts, thus enabling long-term planning in projects.
^Snyder, Francis G. (2002). Regional and Global Regulation of International Trade. Oxford: Hart Publishing. pp. 113. ISBN 1841132187.
^Aoki, Masahiko (1988). Information, Incentives and Bargaining in the Japanese Economy: A Microtheory of the Japanese Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511571701. ISBN 9780521354738.
A keiretsu (Japanese: 系列, literally system, series, grouping of enterprises, order of succession) is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships...
Keiretsu Forum, which was founded in 2000 by Randy Williams, is a private group of international members comprising an angel investor network. The network...
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manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and banks in close-knit groups called keiretsu; the powerful enterprise unions and shuntō; good relations with government...
It is similar to a keiretsu in that no particular entity has outright control over the entire group, although unlike most keiretsu it does not contain...
that the old keiretsu system was not an effective business model, and led to an overall loosening of keiretsu alliances. While the keiretsu still exist...
sentiment in Korea Mitsubishi Pencil Company (not a part of the Mitsubishi keiretsu) Origin Archived 2023-04-05 at the Wayback Machine on Mitsubishi.com website...
industries. The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: keiretsu enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based...
they were dissolved by the Allied occupation forces and succeeded by the keiretsu (groups of banks, manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors). Equivalents...
Conglomerate Conglomerate discount Corporate group Investment company Keiretsu List of holding companies Multinational corporation Outline of management...
same family group. South Korea's chaebols are often compared with Japan's keiretsu business groupings, the successors of the pre-war zaibatsu, but they have...
Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui keiretsu. Sony is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (in which it is a constituent...
relationship between the firms in a group may be formal or informal. A keiretsu is one type of business group. A concern is another. Douma and Schreuder...
component of the postwar "keiretsu" business model, in which large commercial banks played a central role in each major keiretsu with a sōgō shōsha playing...
apply new projects and latest rules.[citation needed] Chaebol Conglomerate Keiretsu Zaibatsu Associate company Consolidation (business) Control premium Controlling...
Japan's largest trading company (sogo shosha) and a member of the Mitsubishi keiretsu. As of 2022, Mitsubishi Corporation employs over 80,000 people and has...
Fuyo Group (芙蓉グループ, Fuyō Gurūpu) is a Japanese keiretsu descended from the Yasuda zaibatsu, Asano zaibatsu and Okura zaibatsu. They are major business...
Ho-Ren-Sō Japanese blue collar workers Japanese business terms Karoshi Keiretsu Kyariaūman Labor unions in Japan Lifetime employment Management culture...
the Yasuda zaibatsu was revived as a corporate group in the form of a keiretsu, it was no longer controlled by Yasuda family management. Artist Yoko Ono...
as the Hankyu Toho Group (阪急東宝グループ, Hankyū Tōhō Gurūpu)) is a Japanese keiretsu (association of businesses) centered on companies established by railway...
half by 1990. During these years, Nisshinbo was part of the Fuyo Group keiretsu headed by Fuji Bank. In 2009, it adopted a holding company structure and...
agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Nippon Soda is a member of the Mizuho keiretsu. In 2012, Nippon Soda acquired 100% of MSSA Chemical Company (formerly...
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. After the Second World War the Mitsubishi Keiretsu was broken up under US imposed laws, and Mitsubishi Bank took on greater...
Nichimen and Nissho Iwai - Merged to form Sojitz List of companies of Asia Keiretsu Zaibatsu List of railway companies in Japan DeCarlo, Scott (20 July 2017)...
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Ho-Ren-Sō Japanese blue collar workers Japanese business terms Karoshi Keiretsu Kyariaūman Labor unions in Japan Lifetime employment Management culture...
Apple, Android, and Amazon. In 2018 Linqto partnered with Keiretsu Forum to build the Keiretsu Connect app that connects accredited investors from 53 chapters...
keiretsu. Membership in a keiretsu has traditionally meant loyalty, both corporate and private, to other members of the keiretsu or allied keiretsu....