This article is about the mechanical device. For the 2021 film, see Junk Head.
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Section through the junk head of a Knight sleeve valve engine
A junk head[i] is a form of piston engine cylinder head, where the head is formed by a dummy piston mounted inside the top of the cylinder. In most other engine designs, the cylinder head is mounted on top of the cylinder block. That form has also been termed a "poultice head".[citation needed]
It is essential for any piston engine to seal the joint between block and head. This is usually done by means of a head gasket, a flat gasket on the surface of the block. In early engines, the high pressures and high temperatures made this a difficult trial for the materials of the day and gasket failures were common. The junk head requires no head gasket and is sealed by piston rings inside the cylinder bore, as for the power piston.[1]
An alternative solution was the monobloc engine, where the block and head were formed as one piece. This solved the sealing problem, but complicated manufacture and maintenance. Particularly when routine maintenance still required frequent head removal for de-coking, on a monobloc engine this required the removal of the pistons from the crankshaft end beneath.
Sectioned cylinder and head of a Bristol Centaurus. Note the copper fins to the junk head
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-roman> tags or {{efn-lr}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-roman}} template or {{notelist-lr}} template (see the help page).
^White, Graham (1995). "Bristol Hercules". Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II. Airlife. pp. 136–137. ISBN 1-85310-734-4.
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