"Killing season" redirects here. For other uses, see Killing Season (disambiguation).
The July effect, sometimes referred to as the July phenomenon, is a perceived but scientifically unfounded increase in the risk of medical errors and surgical complications that occurs in association with the time of year in which United States medical school graduates begin residencies.[1] A similar period in the United Kingdom is known as the killing season or, more specifically, Black Wednesday, referring to the first Wednesday in August when postgraduate trainees commence their rotations. In reality, this phenomenon has not been proven in the scientific literature. In fact, large-scale meta analysis, which has aggregated over 110 studies on this topic, has shown no evidence of a July effect on mortality, morbidity, or readmission.[2]
^Zogg, Cheryl K.; Metcalfe, David; Sokas, Claire M.; Dalton, Michael K.; Hirji, Sameer A.; Davis, Kimberly A.; Haider, Adil H.; Cooper, Zara; Lichtman, Judith H. (25 February 2021). "Reassessing the July Effect: 30 Years of Evidence Show No Difference in Outcomes". Annals of Surgery. 277 (1): e204–e211. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004805. ISSN 1528-1140. PMC 8384940. PMID 33914485.
^Zogg, Cheryl K.; Metcalfe, David; Sokas, Claire M.; Dalton, Michael K.; Hirji, Sameer A.; Davis, Kimberly A.; Haider, Adil H.; Cooper, Zara; Lichtman, Judith H. (January 2023). "Reassessing the July Effect: 30 Years of Evidence Show No Difference in Outcomes". Annals of Surgery. 277 (1): e204–e211. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004805. ISSN 0003-4932. PMC 8384940. PMID 33914485.
The Julyeffect, sometimes referred to as the July phenomenon, is a perceived but scientifically unfounded increase in the risk of medical errors and surgical...
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The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being...
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature...
time bomb was the only option. Operation Valkyrie could only be put into effect by General Friedrich Fromm, commander of the Reserve Army, so he had to...
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effect is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of natural and legal rights by the threat of legal sanction. A chilling effect may...
The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts...
The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area and low expectations lead to...
The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error) is the proclivity for positive impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product in one area...
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countries, with a liaison body to assist in compliance, and to go into effect by 31 July. The following day, the two countries announced that they had reached...
Weimar Germany. 1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect. 1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes...
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1016/j.cortex.2008.08.002. PMID 19111288. Emery, David (24 July 2016). "The Mandela Effect". Snopes. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved...
version, named Tetris Effect: Connected, was announced for Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S and Windows 10 during Xbox Games Showcase on July 23, 2020, and was released...
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