The Jewish Community of Heilbronn has a long history. An important settlement of Jews in Heilbronn already existed in the 11th century and probably already had a first synagogue at that time. The late medieval community had to endure outbreaks such as the Rintfleisch pogrom or the plague pogroms, but in the Imperial City of Heilbronn it was also under the protection of the German kings and emperors. Against the will of the emperor, the city of Heilbronn expelled its Jews in the late 15th century, and Jews could only officially settle in Heilbronn again after the city passed to Württemberg in 1828. The community grew strongly from the middle of the 19th century, especially due to the industrialization of the city, and reached its highest membership of almost 1,000 people around 1895. In 1877, it built the Heilbronn Synagogue and produced important personalities such as the honorary citizen of Heilbronn, Max Rosengart, and the President of the Israelite Supreme Council, Siegfried Gumbel. During the Nazi period, the community suffered its renewed decline: the synagogue was destroyed in 1938 during Kristallnacht, and around 240 people from the circle of the Heilbronn Jewish community were murdered as a result of the persecution of Jews.
After the World War II, only a few Jews lived in Heilbronn until 1980, before an influx began, mainly from the former Soviet Union. Today the community has around 130 members. The Jewish Center Heilbronn is a branch of the IRGW.
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